El estrés por boro afecta la fotosíntesis y la síntesis de compuestos antioxidantes en plantas. Una revision
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2016v10i1.4189Keywords:
fluorescencia de clorofila, ciclo de Calvin, nutrición mineral, toxicidad, ROSAbstract
El estrés causado por deficiencia o toxicidad de boro es común en plantas cultivadas. En la actualidad, el papel del boro en la fotosíntesis y sus efectos en este proceso es desconocido. La fotosíntesis puede presentar limitación estomática, debido a la disminución en el intercambio gaseoso, y limitación no estomática, que se caracteriza por disminuciones en la actividad de enzimas relacionadas con el ciclo de Calvin y alteraciones en parámetros de la fluorescencia de la clorofila a, debido al desacople generado entre las fases foto y síntesis de la fotosíntesis, propiciando un aumento en los contenidos de especies reactivas de oxígeno que afectan negativamente algunas moléculas, estructuras celulares y la eficiencia fotosintética. Sin embargo las plantas tienen mecanismos de tolerancia ante esta condición de estrés mediante respuestas antioxidantes enzimáticas (polifenol oxidasa, ascorbato oxidasa, monodeshidroascorbato reductasa, deshidroascorbato reductasa y catalasa) y no enzimáticas (ácido ascórbico, glutation), las cuales varían en su expresión de acuerdo a la especie y al estado fenológico de la misma.
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