Effect of deficiencies and excesses of phosphorus, potassium and boron on the physiology and growth of avocado (Persea americana, cv. Hass) plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.8092Keywords:
Mineral nutrition, Leaf area, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Transpiration, Deficiency and excess symptoms, FruitsAbstract
In order to observe the effects of nutrients: potassium (K), boron (B) and phosphorus (P), on physiological and growth variables in avocado var. Hass, seven treatments and four repetitions with three dose levels were evaluated: (1) deficiency of the respective element: 50% or half of the complete fertilization, (2) complete or control treatment: 100%, and (3) excess of the respective element, 150% above the complete fertilization, arranged in a completely random design. The plants were grown in polyethylene bags with soil and cultivated under greenhouse conditions; weekly fertilization and irrigation were also carried out. The evaluated variables included leaf area (LA), number of leaves (NL), relative chlorophyll content (CC), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and transpiration (E); the symptomatology of deficiencies and excesses were described in the leaves. The LA, NL and CC values were lower in relation to the control. Similarly, the Fv/Fm and E were lower compared to the control, suggesting probable stress caused by the treatments, presenting a greater proportion of P, followed by K and B. The visual signs of nutrient stress were observed more clearly in the plants subjected to deficiency than in those subjected to excess, consistent with what has been reported for this variety.
JEL Classification
ArrayDownloads
References
Agronet. 2016. Aguacate Hass colombiano entra en la recta final para exportar a Estados Unidos. En: Agronet, https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/Aguacate-Hass-colombiano-entra-en-la-recta-final-para-exportar-a-Estados-Unidos.aspx; consultado: octubre de 2017.
Bartoli, J. 2008. Manual técnico del cultivo de aguacate Hass (Persea americana L.). Centro de Comunicación Agrícola de la Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA), Lima, Perú.
Behboudian, M. y D. Anderson. 1990. Effects of potassium deficiency on water relations and photosynthesis of the tomato plant. Plant Soil 127, 137-139. Doi: 10.1007/BF00010846
Ben-Gal, A. y U. Shani. 2003. Water use and yield of tomatoes under limited water and excess boron. Plant Soil. 256, 179-186. Doi: 10.1023/A:1026229612263
Bernal, J. y C. Díaz. 2005. Tecnología para el cultivo del Aguacate. Manual Técnico No. 5. Colombia: Centro de Investigación La Selva, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria CORPOICA, Rionegro, Antioquia. 241 p.
Dell, B. y L. Huang. 1997. Physiological response of plants to low boron. Plant Soil 193, 103-120. Doi: 10.1023/A:1004264009230
Fairhurst, T. 1999. Nutrient use efficieny in oil palm: measurement and management. The Planter 75, 173-177.
FAO. 2016. FAOSTAT statistics database. En: http://www.fao.org/statistics/es/; consultado: octubre de 2017.
Farhat, N., M. Rabhi, H. Falleh, K. Lengliz, A. Smaoui, C. Abdelly y M. Lachaal. 2013. Interactive effects of excessive potassium and Mg deficiency on safflower. Acta Physiol. Plant 35, 2727-2745. Doi: 10.1007/s11738-013-1306-x
Gimeno, V., L. Simón, M. Nieves, V. Martínez y J. Camara. 2012. The physiological and nutritional responses to an excess of boron by Verna lemon trees that were grafted on four contrasting rootstocks. Trees 26, 1513-1526. Doi: 10.1007/s00468-012-0724-5
Guerfel, M., O. Baccouri, D. Boujnah, W. Chaibi y M. Zarrouk. 2009. Impacts of water stress on gas exchange, water relations, chlorophyll content and leaf structure in the two main Tunisian olive (Olea europea L.) cultivars. Sci. Hortic. 119, 257-263. Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.08.006
He, G., J. Zhang, X. Hu y J. Wu. 2011. Effect of aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency on the growth and photosynthesis of oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seedlings in acidic red soils. Acta Physiol. Plant. 33, 1285-1292. Doi: 10.1007/s11738-010-0659-7
Hernández, R. y R. Pacheco. 1986. Caracterización de síntomas visuales de deficiencias nutricionales en cardamomo (Elettaria cardamomum). Agron. Costarr. 10(1/2), 13-27.
IPNI (International Plant Nutrition Institue). 2010. Funciones del fosforo en las plantas. Informaciones Agronomicas No. 36. IPNI, Peachtree Corners, GA.
ICA (Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario). 2012. Manejo fitosanitario del cultivo del aguacate Hass (Persea americana Mill): medidas para la temporada invernal. Bogotá, Colombia.
Jiménez, S., O. Alvarado y H. Balaguera. 2015. Fluorescencia como indicador de estrés en Hetianthus annus L. Una revisión. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic. 9(1), 149-160. Doi: 10.17584/rcch.2015v9i1.3753
Jordan, L. y S. Pellerin. 2004. Leaf area establishment of a maize (Zea mays L.) field crop under potassium deficiency. Plant Soil 265, 75-92. Doi: 10.1007/s11104-005-0695-z
Kass, D. 1998. Fertilidad de suelos. Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia. San José, Costa Rica.
Kitajima, M. y W. Butler. 1975. Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 376, 105-115. Doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90209-1
Knypl, J. y A. Rennert. 1970. Stimulation of growth and chlorophyll synthesis in detached cotyledons of cucumber by potassium. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 62, 97-107.
Laing, W., D. Greer, O. Sun, P. Beets, A. Lowe y T. Payn. 2000. Physiological impacts of Mg deficiency in Pinus radiata: growth and photosynthesis. New Phytol. 146, 47-59. Doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00616.x
Ling, L., L. Peng, L. Cao, C. Jiang, C. Chun, G. Zhang y Z. Wang. 2009. Effect of magnesium deficiency on photosynthesis characteristic of Beibei 447 Jinchen orange. J. Fruit Sci. 26, 275-280.
Maldonado, R., M. Álvarez, G. Almaguer, A. Barrientos y R. García. 2013. Estándares nutrimentales para aguacatero “Hass”. Rev. Chapingo Ser. Hortic. 13(1), 103-108.
Mejía, A. 2010. Cadena Productiva del Aguacate en Colombia. Consejo Nacional del Aguacate. En: Memorias, II Encuentro de la Cadena Productiva del Aguacate. Corporción Antioqueña del Aguacate, Ríonegro, Colombia. pp. 5-30.
Mouhtaridou, G., T. Sotiropoulos, K. Dimassi y I. Therios. 2004. Effects of boron on growth, and chlorophyll and mineral contents of shoots. Biol. Plant. 48(4), 617-619. Doi: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000047169.13304.67
Mukhopadhyay, M., P. Ghosh y T. Mondal. 2013. Effect of boron deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of young tea plantlets. RusS. J. Plant Physiol. 60(5), 633-639. Doi: 10.1134/S1021443713030096
Navarro, S. y G. Navarro. 2000. Química agrícola. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, España.
Okanenko, A. y B. Berstein. 1969. Potassium, photosynthesis and phosphate metabolism in sugar-beet. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ucracia.
Olivia, M., N. de Barros y M. de Mouza. 1995. Muerte apical en eucalipto y manejo nutritivo de plantaciones forestales: aspectos fisiológicos del problema. Bosque 16(1), 77-86. Doi: 10.4206/bosque.1995.v16n1-08
Papadakis, I., N. Dimassi, A. Bosabalidis, L. Therios, A. Patakas y A. Giannakoula. 2004. Boron toxicity in Clementine mandarin plants on two rootstocks. Plant Sci. 166, 539-547. Doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.10.027
Percival, G. 2004. Evaluation of physiological tests as predictors of young tree establishment and growth. J. Arboric. 30(2), 80-92.
Pillimue, G., N. Barrera y S. de Cantillo. 1998. Determinación de deficiencias de elementos mayores en plantas de tomate de árbol. Acta Agron. 48(3/4), 62-67.
Qu, C., X. Gong, C. Liu, M. Hong, L. Wang y F. Hong. 2012. Effects of manganese deficiency and added cerium on photochemical efficiency of maize chloroplasts. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 146, 94-100. Doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9218-3
Retamales, J. 2005. Fisiología y manejo de la nutrición de boro, potasio y calcio en pomáceas. Rev. Unifrut 15, 10-20.
Ríos, D. y R. Tafur. 2003. Variedades de aguacate para el trópico: caso Colombia. pp. 143-147. En: Actas, V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate. Granada - Málaga, España.
Roosta, H., A. Estaji y F. Niknam. 2017. Effect of iron, zinc and manganese shortage-induced change on photosynthetic pigments, some osmoregulators and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in lettuce. Photosynthetica 55(10), 1-10.
Saeed, M., Ashraf, M., Shahbaz M. y Aisha. A. 2009. Growth and photosynthesis of salt-stressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus) foliar applied different potassium salts. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 172(6), 884-893. Doi: 10.1002/jpln.200900102
Salazar, S., L. Cossio y I. González. 2009. La fertilización de sitio específico mejoró la productividad del aguacate 'Hass' en huertos sin riego. Agric. Téc. Mex. 35(4), 439-448.
Salazar-García, S. 2002. Nutrición del aguacate, principios y aplicaciones. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP); Instituto de la Potasa y el Fósforo (INPOFOS), Querétaro, México.
Salazar, S. y I. Lazcano. 2003. Site-specific fertilization increased yield and fruit size in ‘hass’ avocado. Better Crops Int. 17(1), 13-15.
Salas, R. 2002. Herramientas de diagnóstico para definir recomendaciones de fertilización foliar. Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas. San José, Costa Rica. 145p.
Shani, U., L. Dudley y R. Hanks. 1992. Model of boron movement in soils. Soil Sci. Soc Am. J. 56(5),1365-1370. Doi: 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600050006x
Sharma, P. y T. Ramchandra. 1990. Water relations and photosynthesis in mustard plants subjected to boron deficiency. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 33, 150-154.
Sierra, C. 2003. Fertilización de cultivos y frutales en la zona norte. Boletin INIA No. 97. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Serena, Chile.
Sindoni, M., J. Zamora y R. Ramírez. 1994. Síntomas de deficiencia de boro y producción de materia seca en ajonjolí. Agron. Trop. 44(1), 135-150.
Singh, S., G. Badgujar y V. Reddy. 2013. Carbon dioxide diffusion across stomata and mesophyll and photo-biochemical processes as affected by growth CO2 and phosphorus nutrition in cotton. J. Plant Physiol. 170, 801-813. Doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.01.001
Singh. S., V. Reddy, D. Fleisher y D. Timlin. 2017. Relationship between photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean under varying phosphorus nutrition at ambient and elevated CO2..Photosynthetica 55(3), 421-433. Doi: 10.1007/s11099-016-0657-0
Taiz, L. y E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant physiology. 5a ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Tang, Z., J. Zhang, M. Wei, X. Chen, Z. Liu, H. Li e Y. Ding. 2015. Physiological response to potassium deficiency in three sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) genotypes differing in potassium utilization efficiency. Acta Physiol. Plant. 37(184), 1-10. Doi: 10.1007/s11738-015-1901-0
Veronica, N., D. Subrahamanyam, T. Vishnu, P. Yugandhar, V. Bhadana, V. Padma, G. Jayasree y S. Voleti. 2017. Influence of low phosphorus concentration on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant response of rice genotypes. Photosynthetica 55(2), 285-293. Doi: 10.1007/s11099-016-0640-4
Wild, A. y J. Jones. 1992. Nutrición mineral de las plantas cultivadas. pp. 73-119. En: Wild, A. (ed.). Condiciones del suelo y desarrollo de las plantas según Russel. Editorial Mundi-Prensa, Madrid.
Yabrudy, J. 2012. El aguacate en Colombia: Estudio de caso de los Montes de María, en el Caribe colombiano. Documentos de Trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 171. Banco de la República, Bogotá, Colombia.
Yuan, H., J. Yanyan, A. Muhammad, C. Chen, L. Li, L. Zhen, K. Qiusheng, C. Fei y B. Zhilong. 2016. Improving magnesium uptake, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of watermelon by grafting onto pumpkin rootstock under low magnesium. Plant Soil 409, 229-246. Doi: 10.1007/s11104-016-2965-3
Zhao, D., D. Oosterhuis y C. Bednarz. 2001. Influence of potassium deficiency on photosyntesis, chorophylll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure of cotton plants. Photosynthetica 39(1), 103-109. Doi: 10.1023/A:1012404204910
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the articles and illustrations are the property of the Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas. The editors authorize the use of the contents under the Creative Commons license Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). The correct citation of the content must explicitly register the name of the journal, name (s) of the author (s), year, title of the article, volume, number, page of the article and DOI. Written permission is required from publishers to publish more than a short summary of the text or figures.
