![](data:image/png;base64,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)
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Vicentin, M.; da Silveira, C. y da Silva, D. (2021). La práctica de la amistad como
insurrección a la biopolítica neoliberal. Cuestiones de Filosofía, 7 (29), 121-137.
https://doi.org/10.19053/01235095.v7.n29.2021.13177
[O neoliberalismo] deve intervir na própria sociedade, no seu tecido e na
sua espessura. Deve intervir (...) nessa sociedade para que os mecanismos
concorrenciais, em cada momento e em cada ponto da espessura social,
possam desempenhar o papel de reguladoras. Será então um governo não
económico (...) não é um governo económico, mas sim um governo da
sociedade (...) é um governo de sociedade, é uma política de sociedade que os
neoliberais querem fazer (Foucault, 2010c, pp. 189-190).
É um projeto econômico, político e social que, com a emergência de discursos,
práticas e dispositivos, Pierre Dardot e Christian Laval (2016) denominam
de nova razão do mundo: um sistema normativo, uma racionalidade
governamental que movimenta, acelera e exacerba aspectos da Modernidade
5
oitocentista e seus ideais; tempos hipermodernos (Lipovetsky, 2011), de um
governo dos homens com estratégia global, integrando o mundo e todas as
dimensões da existência humana.
O neoliberalismo alterou e reformou radicalmente o exercício de
governamentalidade, atuando positivamente sobre as motivações sociais e
subjetivas na produção de formas de existência e modos de viver, no modo
como nos relacionamos conosco e com os outros. De acordo com Foucault
(2010c), a razão neoliberal manifesta-se como outro e novo modo de
objetivar e subjetivar os indivíduos pela aspiração de total liberdade em todos
os campos da vida humana. Com seu fortalecimento, tornou-se um sistema
normativo que, por meio de técnicas de poder diferentes as usuais, reformou
a racionalidade de governo, as relações sociais e as esferas da existência:
O neoliberalismo não destrói apenas regras, instituições, direitos. Ele
também produz certos tipos de relações sociais, certas maneiras de viver,
certas subjetividades. Em outras palavras, com o neoliberalismo, o que está
em jogo é nada mais nada menos que a forma de nossa existência, isto é,
a forma como somos levados a nos comportar, a nos relacionar com os
outros e com nós mesmos. O neoliberalismo define certa norma de vida
nas sociedades ocidentais e, para além dela, em todas as sociedades que
as seguem no caminho da ‘modernidade’. Essa norma impõe a cada um
de nós que vivamos num universo de competição generalizada, intima
os assalariados e as populações a entrar em luta econômica uns contra os
outros, ordena as relações sociais segundo o modelo do mercado, obriga
5
A Modernidade como episteme, como argumenta Foucault em As Palavras e as Coisas (2007).