Análisis de transferencia térmica de tubos con superficies extendidas con diseño fractal

Resumen

Los intercambiadores de calor están conformados por tubos con superficies extendidas, con el propósito de mejorar la transferencia de calor entre dos medios, que pueden ser un sólido y un líquido en movimiento. En el presente trabajo se expone el diseño que se llevó a cabo de un tubo de superficie extendida con geometría fractal, correspondiente al copo de koch y la curva de Cesaro, con la herramienta computacional CAD, para luego realizar el análisis por elementos finitos CAE y verificar el comportamiento térmico del tubo diseñado. Se logró obtener como resultado reducir el tiempo de transferencia de calor y aumentar el flujo de calor en el sistema del modo siguiente: para tubo liso, 250 W/m2; para superficie de Koch, 500 W/m2; para seis aletas, 1450 W/m2, y, finalmente, para curva de Cesaro, 3600 W/m2. Todo ello, permitió evidenciar los límites del diseño y las ventajas que pueden llegar a tener respecto a su implementación en maquinarias como condensadores, intercambiadores de calor y calderas.

Palabras clave

calderas, copo de Koch, curva de Cesaro, diseño fractal, elementos finitos, transferencia de calor, tubos de superficie extendida

Citas

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