Simulación de un proceso de purificación de biogás utilizando diferentes soluciones de aminas
Resumen
La utilización del biogás producido en vertederos de basura ha ganado importancia en países en vía de desarrollo, como Colombia. Teniendo en cuenta que este biogás tiene propiedades pobres de combustión que dificultan el intercambio con otros combustibles, la eliminación de gases y vapores, como el CO2 y el H2O, por medio de procesos de purificación en los que el biogás es convertido a biometano, mejora las propiedades del biogás como combustible para uso general. En este trabajo se simuló la producción de biogás en el vertedero de basura El Carrasco (Bucaramanga), usando el modelo de emisiones de gases en vertederos de la US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Adicionalmente, se simuló el proceso de purificación del biogás utilizando el software ProMax; el objetivo de este proceso es extraer la humedad del biogás, para lo cual se utilizaron tres aminas diferentes (MDEA, MEA y DEA) y un proceso posterior de deshidratación con glicol. Los resultados mostraron que la purificación con amina MEA logró producir el mayor incremento en la concentración de CH4 (90.37 %) en el biogás generado en el vertedero. Además, la deshidratación con glicol fue un proceso eficiente para obtener gas con un alto porcentaje de metano (91.47 %) y un bajo porcentaje de agua (1.27 %); estos resultados sugieren que el biometano se podría usar en procesos industriales convencionales y en generación de energía.
Palabras clave
amina, desacidificación, purificación de biogás, simulación
Citas
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