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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2010)

Review articles

Ecofisiología del cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2010v4i1.1229

Published 2011-09-13

  • Loyla Rodríguez-Pérez

Abstract

La papa es uno de los cinco productos agrícolas de mayor consumo humano en el mundo, su planta es una dicotiledónea perteneciente a la familia de las Solanáceas, y se produce en regiones de latitudes entre los 47ºS y los 65ºN. El 50% del área global del cultivo de papa está localizado por encima de los 1.000 msnm, y la zona óptima de producción para  las variedades comerciales de Solanum tuberosum está en altitudes ubicadas entre los 2.500 y los 3.000 msnm. En cuanto a radiación, niveles por encima de los 1.200 µmoles m-2
 s-1  generan efectos positivos en la distribución de materia seca hacia los tubérculos. El fotoperiodo corto (10 horas luz) acelera el inicio de la tuberización en la mayoría de variedades. El cultivo de papa se adapta a climas fríos tropicales con temperaturas medias entre 15 y 18ºC, en el suelo y en el aire.  La utilización de recursos hídricos y minerales del suelo y de recursos de la atmósfera, como CO2 , O2 y radiación fotosintéticamente activa (RFA), son factores limitantes para el crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta de papa.

Palabras clave adicionales: crecimiento, factores ambientales, productividad, metabolismo, tuberización
PDF (Español)

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