Climatización nocturna de edificaciones por ventilación de aire exterior
Resumen
Los edificios contienen el entorno en el cual se desarrollan casi la totalidad de las actividades humanas; por ende, estas construcciones representan hoy un gran sumidero de energía. El establecimiento de las condiciones de confort térmico dentro de estos inmuebles es responsable de gran parte de su demanda energética. Ofrecer un marco teórico del desempeño y las tendencias en las investigaciones e implementaciones de la climatización nocturna de edificaciones por ventilación de aire exterior es el objetivo de este trabajo. La contribución se sostiene en una revisión bibliográfica realizada en el directorio académico Scopus. La información extraída de dicho catalogo fue procesada en el software VOSviewer, mediante el cual se realizó la minería de texto, el mapa de términos y las redes de acción investigativa. La ventilación directa tiene un potencial de enfriamiento más significativo en regiones que se caracterizan por una elevada diferencia entre el valor de la temperatura del aire en el día y el de la noche. La efectividad del enfriamiento nocturno y la predicción confiable del comportamiento térmico están fuertemente relacionadas con el modelo adoptado para el algoritmo de convección. Una predicción fiable de la transferencia de calor por convección requiere un enfoque basado en el uso de simulaciones computacionales de dinámica de fluidos, que son mucho más demandantes desde el punto de vista computacional, frente a simulaciones de variaciones de flujos de energía en función del tiempo. En la mayoría de las investigaciones la posición de la masa térmica es poco significativa, mientras que se le da mayor importancia a la cantidad de aire de ventilación. En particular, la demanda de energía para la refrigeración del edificio disminuye fuertemente si las tasas de flujo de aire aumentan.
Palabras clave
confort térmico, eficiencia, estrategia energética, minería de texto
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