Polimorfismos genéticos en pacientes con fisuras labio y/o palatinas no sindrómicos
Resumen
Dentro de los defectos congénitos más frecuentes se encuentran las fisuras labio y/o palatinas (FL/P), presentando una prevalencia de alrededor de 1:1.000 nacimientos vivos. El 70% de FL/P son de tipo no sindrómico, lo cual hace referencia a que se encuentran como un defecto aislado sin anomalías adicionales. Poseen una etiología compleja con un componente tanto ambiental como genético. Con el desarrollo de tecnologías de secuenciación del genoma humano se han identificado variantes polimórficas que pueden estar asociadas al fenotipo de FL/P y por tal motivo pueden contribuir a la etiología multifactorial de éstas. En esta revisión se describen las variantes comúnmente asociadas y su papel en la etiología de las FL/P. Los SNPs localizados en los genes IFR6, MSX1, VAX1, PAX9, CHD1, FGF1, GREM1 y WNT3 se han relacionado significativamente con la presencia de FL/P, y las variantes ubicadas en los genes APC, GSK3, DVL2, BMP4, ABCA4, BHMT, NTN1, TBX1, EPHA3, FAM49A, MGMT, MMP3, TIMP2 y NOG aunque se ha reportado su asociación con la presencia de las fisuras orofaciales aún no es clara su relación con dicho fenotipo. Es importante realizar estudios de identificación de variantes genéticas que involucren poblaciones específicas con el fin de poder comprender la etiología de las FL/P no sindrómicas.
Palabras clave
FL/P, polimorfismos, genes, no-sindrómicas
Citas
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