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Vol. 18 Núm. 1 (2024)

Sección de plantas aromáticas, medicinales y condimentarias

Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de aceites esenciales de Eryngium foetidum L. y Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2024v18i1.16699

Publicado 2024-01-01

  • Marianella Ortiz-Ruíz
    • ,
  • Jesús David Navarro-Mengual
    • ,
  • Beatriz E. Jaramillo-Colorado

Marianella Ortiz-Ruíz
Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroquímicas, Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)

Jesús David Navarro-Mengual
Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroquímicas, Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)

Beatriz E. Jaramillo-Colorado
Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroquímicas, Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)

Eryngium foetidum L. (left). Photo: B.E. Jaramillo-Colorado Clinopodium brownie (Sw.) Kuntze (right). Photo: M. Ortiz Ruíz

Resumen

En el presente trabajo, se determinó la composición química volátil de los aceites esenciales colombianos de Eryngium foetidum L. y Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze, extraídos por hidrodestilación, usando la técnica de cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). El aceite esencial de hojas de E. foetidum está compuesto en su mayoría de aldehídos alifáticos, principalmente 2-dodecenal (43,0%), mientras que en el aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de C. brownei fueron la mentona (54,3%), la pulegona (17,7%), y el neomentol (16,1%). La susceptibilidad de las cepas bacterianas Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 11632), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) a los aceites esenciales se probó con los ensayos de difusión en agar y se encontró que el aceite esencial de E. foetidum inhibe el crecimiento de S. aureus (90% a 150 µg mL-1). Ensayos de microdilución en caldo determinaron que la MIC y MBC de E. foetidum contra S. aureus fue de 105 y 150 μg mL-1, respectivamente. El 2-dodecenal tuvo actividad antibacteriana fuerte contra S. aureus con MIC y MBC de 105 μg mL-1 (98%). Combinaciones binarias de 2-dodecenal y S-limoneno o 2,4,6-trimetoxibenzaldehido tuvieron efecto indiferente en ensayos de tablero de ajedrez, por lo que se podría afirmar que la actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Eryngium foetidum se debe principalmente a la acción del 2-dodecenal.

Palabras clave

Actividad antimicrobiana, Staphylococcus aureus, Aceite esencial, Hidrodestilación, Bioprospección

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Citas

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