Thick section acrylonitrile rubber parts mechanical properties under compression and abrasive wear resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.3849Keywords:
NBR rubber, uniaxial compression tests, abrasive wearAbstract
In this work the mechanical properties variability under uniaxial compression and the abrasive wear through the cross section of thick-piece carbon-black reinforced acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) parts, was studied. It has to take into account that in these type of pieces, the vulcanized rubber properties heterogeneity causes a variability effect, due to its low thermal diffusivity. Abrasive wear tests under dry conditions were carried out, seeking to identify the relationship between abrasive wear resistance and mechanical properties under uniaxial compression, such as hardness and elastic modulus. The samples in delivery state were evaluated after the vulcanization process, then environmentally exposed during three months and finally UV aged.
Environmental aging stiffens the NBR, but the samples wear resistance from the cross sectional area center, is diminished. Their elastic modulus decreased with the UV aging, but its effect on the wear resistance depends from the previous environmental aging. Their hardness did not show a relationship neither with the elastic modulus nor with the wear resistance, therefore, it should not be used as a property to select the NBR rubbers, subject to wear resistance. The information obtained allows to generate design criteria for nitrile rubber-based parts.
Downloads
References
Z. Cao, D. Wang, C. Cong, Y. Wang and Q. Zhou, “Dependence of abrasion behavior on cross-linked heterogeneity in unfilled nitrile rubber”, Tribology International, vol. 69, pp. 141-149, 2014.
B. Likozar and Z. Major, “Morphology, mechanical, cross-linking, thermal, and tribological properties of nitrile and hydrogenated nitrile rubber/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites prepared by melt compounding: The effect of acrylonitrile content and hydrogenation”, Applied Surface Science, vol. 257, Issue 2,pp. 565-573, Nov. 2010.
J. Degrange, M. Thomine, P. Kapsa, J. Pelletier, L. Chazeau, G. Vigier, G. Dudragne and L. Guerbé, “Influence of viscoelasticity on the tribological behaviour of carbon black filled nitrile rubber (NBR) for lip seal application”, Wear, vol. 259, no. 1-6, pp. 684-692, Jul. 2005.
W. Molnar, M. Varga, P. Braun, K. Adam and E. Badisch, “Correlation of rubber based conveyor belt properties and abrasive wear rates under 2- and 3-body conditions”,Wear, Volume 320, pp. 1-6, December 2014.
J. Yamabe and S. Nishimura, “Influence of fillers on hydrogen penetration properties and blister fracture of rubber composites for O-ring exposed to high-pressure hydrogen gas”, International Journal on Hydrogen Energy, no. 34, pp. 1977-1989, 2009.
P. Morrell, M. Patel and A.Skinner, “Accelerated thermal ageing studies on nitrile rubber O-rings”, Polymer Testing, no. 22,pp. 651-656, 2003.
D. Higgins, B. Marmo, C. Jeffree, V. Koutsos and J. Blackford, “Morphology of ice wear from rubber-ice friction tests and its dependence on temperature and sliding velocity”, Wear, no. 265,pp. 634-644,2008.
K. El-Nemr, “Effect of different curing systems on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates”, Materials & Design, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 3361–3369, Jun. 2011
K. Pal, S. Pal, C. Das and J. Kim, “Relationship between normal load and dynamic coefficient of friction on rock-rubber wear mechanism”, Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 4792-4799, Dec. 2010.
A. Mostafa, A. Abouel-Kasem, M. Bayoumi, and M. El-Sebaie, “Insight into the effect of CB loading on tension, compression, hardness and abrasion properties of SBR and NBR filled compounds”,Materials& Design, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1785-1791, May 2009.
K. Pal, T. Das, R. Rajasekar, S. Pal, Chapal K. Das, “Wear characteristics of styrene butadiene rubber/natural rubber blends with varying carbon blacks by DIN abrader and mining rock surfaces”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 111, pp. 348-357,2009.
M. Garbarczyk, W. Kuhn, J. Klinowski and S. Jurga, “Characterization of aged nitrile rubber elastomers by NMR Spectroscopy and microimaging”, Polymer, vol.43, pp. 3169-3172, 2002.
P. Budrugeac, E. Segal and S. Ciutacu, “Termooxidative degradation of nitrile butadiene rubber”, Journal of Thermal Analysis, vol. 37, pp. 1179-1191,1991.
F. Delor-Jestin, N. Barrois-Oudin, C. Cardinet, J. Lacoste and J. Lemaire, “Thermal ageing of acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2000.
J. Baldwin, D. Bauer and K. Ellwood, “Accelerated aging of tires, Part II”, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 78, pp. 336-353, May 2005.
H. Katoh, R. Kamoto and J. Murata, “Degradation analysis of NBR and epichlorohydrin rubber by new micro analysis method”, e-Journal of Soft Materials, vol. 2,pp. 20-24, 2006.
R. Yang, J. Zhao and Y. Liu, “Oxidative degradation products analysis of polymer materials by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 98, no. 12, pp. 2466-2472,Dec. 2013.
S. Patcharaphun, W. Chookaew and T. Tungkeunkunt, “Influence of thermal and oil aging on weldline strength of NR/EPDM and NR/NBR blends”, Kasetsart Journal: Natural Science, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 909-916, 2011.
D. Bielinski, D. Pieczynska, U. Ostaszewska and J. Jagielski, “Modification of rubber by ion bombardment”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 282, no. 1,pp. 141-144, July 2012.
A. Gent and W. Mars,“ Strength of Elastomers”, The Science and Technology of Rubber, New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, pp. 473-516, 2013.
ISO, “ISO 4649: Rubber,vulcanizedor thermoplastic – determination of abrasion resistance using arotating cylindrical drumdevice”, 2002.
D. Allsopp, R. Trezona, I. Hutchings, “The effects of ball surface condition in the microscale abrasive weartest”, Tribology Letter,vol. 5, pp 259-64,1998.
Y. Guo, J. Wang, K. Li and X. Ding, “Tribological properties and morphology of bimodal elastomeric nitrilebutadiene rubber networks”, Materials& Design, vol.52, pp. 861-869, 2013.
E. Euchler, O. Kratina, R. StoIek, M. Gehde, “A study of correlation between crack initiation during dynamic wear process and fatigue crack growth of reinforced rubber materials”, European Symposium on Friction, Wear, and Wear Protection, Karlsruhe, Germany, Conference Papers in Science,2015.
B. Wang, J. Hua, and Y. Ping, “Application of artificial neural network in prediction of abrasion of rubber composites”, Mater. Des., vol. 49, pp. 802-807, 2013.
S. Rios, R. Chicurel, and L. Del Castillo, “Potential of particle and fibre reinforcement of tyre tread elastomer”, Materials & Design, o. 22, pp. 369-374, 2001.
N. Viswanath, D. Bellow, “Development of an equation for the wear of polymers”, Wear, vol. 181-183,part I, pp. 42-49, 1995.
S. Nozu, H. Tsuji and K. Onishi, “A prediction model for rubber curing process”, Heat Transfer - Engineering Applications, Croatia: Vyacheslav Vikhrenko (Ed.), In Tech, pp. 151-170, 2011.
G. Petitet, J. Loubet, H. Zahouani and D. Mazuyer, “A contribution to the understanding of elementary wear mechanisms of rubber filled compounds”, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 78, pp. 312-320,2005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles included in the Revista Facultad de Ingeniería are published under the Creative Commons (BY) license.
Authors must complete, sign, and submit the Review and Publication Authorization Form of the manuscript provided by the Journal; this form should contain all the originality and copyright information of the manuscript.
The authors who publish in this Journal accept the following conditions:
a. The authors retain the copyright and transfer the right of the first publication to the journal, with the work registered under the Creative Commons attribution license, which allows third parties to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and the first publication in this Journal.
b. Authors can make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) provided they clearly indicate that the work It was first published in this Journal.
c. Authors are allowed and recommended to publish their work on the Internet (for example on institutional or personal pages) before and during the process.
review and publication, as it can lead to productive exchanges and a greater and faster dissemination of published work.
d. The Journal authorizes the total or partial reproduction of the content of the publication, as long as the source is cited, that is, the name of the Journal, name of the author (s), year, volume, publication number and pages of the article.
e. The ideas and statements issued by the authors are their responsibility and in no case bind the Journal.