Evaluación constructiva de la tecnología: revisión sistemática y necesidades de estudios futuros
Resumen
La ingeniería, entendida como la reunión de conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos para la innovación, creación, avance y optimización de técnicas, así como un conjunto de herramientas útiles para suplir las necesidades sociales y resolver problemas técnicos tanto de las personas como de la comunidad, hace a sus principales actores, los ingenieros, piezas clave en el desarrollo sostenible y en la creación de alternativas que minimicen los efectos negativos de la tecnología sobre la sociedad. Es en este sentido que enfoques de evaluación de la tecnología deben tomar importancia entre aquellos que gestionan el desarrollo tecnológico y las políticas de implementación. Generalmente, se actúa frente a los efectos indeseables de la intrusión de una nueva tecnología cuando estos ya ocurren, desde la evaluación tecnológica se pretende anticipar el riesgo. En este documento se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de la evaluación de la tecnología, sus enfoques y necesidades de estudio futuro. A partir de un eje articulador que posiciona el cambio tecnológico y la innovación como una necesidad imperativa para el desarrollo social, se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de artículos relacionados en bases de datos especializadas. Los resultados más importantes de este trabajo revelan que el campo de la evaluación tecnológica se ha inclinado fuertemente hacia el sector de la salud o sanitario, sin embargo, se desarrollan investigaciones en temas centrales de la ingeniería como el desarrollo de la nanotecnología, la robótica, el manejo de grandes datos donde se destaca el modelo europeo como referente para llevar procesos de evaluación tecnológica por su naturaleza incluyente y democrática.
Palabras clave
evaluación constructiva de la tecnología, innovación responsable, ciencia, tecnología y sociedad
Biografía del autor/a
Óscar Iván Rodríguez-Cardoso, M.Sc.
Rol: Conceptualización, Investigación, Metodología, Escritura – borrador original, Escritura – revisión y edición.
Vladimir Alfonso Ballesteros-Ballesteros, Ph. D. (c)
Rol: Conceptualización, Investigación, Metodología, Escritura – borrador original, Escritura – revisión y edición.
Manuel Francisco Romero-Ospina, M.Sc.
Rol: Conceptualización, Investigación, Metodología, Escritura – borrador original, Escritura – revisión y edición.
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