Métodos de inicialización y búsqueda local aplicados al problema de cobertura de conjuntos: un mapeo sistemático
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Resumen
El problema de cobertura de conjuntos (PCC) es un problema de optimización combinatorio clásico que hace parte de los 21 problemas NP-completos de Karp. Muchas aplicaciones del mundo real pueden modelarse como PCC, como la ubicación servicios de emergencia, la planificación militar, la toma de decisiones en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, entre otros. Entre los enfoques que han resuelto este tipo de problema se encuentran los algoritmos heurísticos (H) y metaheurísticos (MH), que integran métodos y procedimientos iterativos para explorar y explotar el espacio de búsqueda de forma inteligente. En la presente investigación realizamos un mapeo sistemático de la literatura enfocado en los métodos de inicialización y búsqueda local utilizados en estos algoritmos que se han aplicado al PCC con el fin de identificarlos y que puedan ser aplicados en otros algoritmos. Este mapeo se realizó en tres etapas principales: planificación de la investigación, ejecución y documentación de resultados. Se encontró que el método de inicialización más utilizado es el aleatorio con búsqueda heurística y que la inclusión de métodos de búsqueda local en los algoritmos MH mejoran los resultados obtenidos en comparación con estos sin búsqueda local. Por otra parte, se identificaron métodos de inicialización y búsqueda local que pueden ser utilizados para modificar otros algoritmos y evaluar el impacto que generan en los resultados obtenidos.
Palabras clave
problema de cobertura de conjuntos, búsqueda local, mapeo sistemático, heurísticas, inicialización, metaheurísticas, optimización
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