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Vol. 33 Núm. 67 (2024)
Enero-Marzo 2024

Articulos

Avances en el cálculo de la falla de corto circuito trifásica para generadores de sistemas de potencia: una revisión

https://doi.org/10.19053/uptc.01211129.v33.n67.2024.15945

Publicado 2024-03-09

Germán-Antonio Guevara-Velandia
Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas

José-Danilo Rairán-Antolines
Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas

Resumen

La representación de la máquina sincrónica, MS, es de suma importancia cuando se desea conocer el comportamiento del sistema de potencia en estado transitorio, de lo cual se ocupan los estudios de cortocircuito y estabilidad. En el avance de este conocimiento la MS es representada por variados modelos completos (estructura y parámetros) simulando su estado transitorio por condición de falla de cortocircuito trifásico. Esta es la temática que se aborda en este artículo a manera de revisión del estado del arte. La revisión muestra que buena parte de la investigación en la representación de la MS se enfoca en las estructuras de modelo y las técnicas de medición mediante ensayos para obtener datos conducentes a evaluar sus parámetros. La investigación en simulación de las corrientes de falla trifásica se enmarca, de una parte, por el cálculo mediante una función de cortocircuito empírica, y de otra por integración numérica, mediante programas de transitorios electromagnéticos, EMTP, los cuales presentan el comportamiento a través de las curvas de magnitud en el tiempo. Entonces, las limitaciones actuales de cálculo impiden describir analíticamente el comportamiento de la MS en estado transitorio, así se concluye que la investigación debe orientarse a determinar la forma cerrada para el ensayo que ofrece más información de la MS, el de respuesta en frecuencia SSFR.

Palabras clave

cálculo de la corriente, falla de cortocircuito, falla trifásica, generador del sistema de potencia

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