Modelado y gestión de bases de datos NoSQL: Revisión sistemática
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Resumen
Las bases de datos NoSQL que surgieron este siglo fueron creadas para resolver las limitaciones de los sistemas de bases de datos relacionales debido a los diferentes tipos de datos que han aparecido para el procesamiento de la información. En este artículo, presentamos los resultados de un estudio secundario realizado con el fin de encontrar y sintetizar la investigación realizada hasta ahora sobre procesos de modelado, características de los tipos de datos utilizados, y herramientas de gestión para bases de datos NoSQL. Actualmente, se reconocen y clasifican cuatro tipos según el modelo de datos que utilizan: clave-valor, orientada a documentos, basada en columnas y basada en gráficos. Con este estudio se identificó que el tipo de modelo de base de datos NoSQL más frecuente es el de documentos porque ofrece una mayor flexibilidad y versatilidad en comparación con los otros tres modelos. Aunque ofrecen métodos de búsqueda más complejos, en términos de datos, los esquemas de columnas y documentos son los que suelen describir sus características. También se pudo observar una tendencia en el uso del modelo orientado a columnas y el modelo orientado a documentos en las herramientas de gestión, y, aunque todas cumplen con las funcionalidades básicas, las diferencias radican en la forma en que se almacena la información y la forma en que se puede acceder a ellas.
Palabras clave
ingeniería de software, modelado de bases de datos, NoSQL, revisión sistemática de la literatura
Biografía del autor/a
Omar Gómez Gómez
Professor at the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. PhD from the Polytechnic University of Madrid.
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