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Vol. 27 Núm. 47 (2018)

Articulos

Evaluación de irreversibilidades en un sistema de refrigeración por absorción amoniaco-agua empleando tres modelos matemáticos diferentes para calcular las propiedades termodinámicas

https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v27.n47.2018.7746

Publicado 2018-01-15

  • Iván Vera-Romero
    • ,
  • Christopher Lionel Heard-Wade

Iván Vera-Romero
Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (San Bartolo Atepehuacan, México)

Christopher Lionel Heard-Wade
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (Cuajimalpa, México)

Resumen

Los análisis por Segunda Ley, o de Exergia, en los Sistemas de Refrigeración por Absorción (SRA) son muy importantes, ya que permiten realizar análisis de optimización de acuerdo con el trabajo disponible, los cuales se establecen a partir de las condiciones de operación y del cálculo de sus propiedades. Para el modelado de estos sistemas existen diversas metodologías de cálculo para las propiedades termodinámicas. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio termodinámico sobre un SRA con mezcla amoniaco-agua propuesto (Caso Base), con la finalidad de evaluar la sensibilidad en las irreversibilidades globales y por equipo. Para tal efecto se emplearon tres metodologías existentes: (M1) el modelo de Ibrahim y Klein (1993), a través del software comercial Engineering Equation Solver (EES); (M2) el modelo propuesto por Tillner-Roth y Friend (1998), a través del software REFPROP v.8.0, desarrollado por el National Institute of Standars and Technology (NIST), y (M3) la metodología propuesta por Xu y Goswami (1999), programada para este análisis. Las diferencias entre las propiedades obtenidas y el funcionamiento del SRA por Primera Ley no son significativas en la evaluación del COP, obteniendo variaciones mínimas (Caso Base: 0.595, M1: 0.596, M2: 0.594, M3: 0.599). Para el análisis por Segunda Ley, la irreversibilidad total del sistema para los tres modelos resultó ser la misma (Irr Global: 123.339 kW), a pesar de que en la irreversibilidad por equipo sobresalen las diferencias entre el Intercambiador de la Solución (M1: 5.783kW, M2: 6.122kW, M3: 8.701kW), el Desorbedor (M1: 51.302kW, M2: 45.713kW, M3: 49.098kW) y el Rectificador (M1: 0.766kW, M2: 3.565kW, M3: 0.427kW). Los equipos que más destruyen exergia son el Desorbedor, el Absorbedor y el Condensador, respectivamente.

Palabras clave

coeficiente de desempeño, irreversibilidad, propiedades amoniaco-agua, sistema de refrigeración por absorción

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Citas

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