Descripción detallada y análisis comparativo de técnicas para seguir el punto de máxima potencia en paneles solares usando OpenModelica
Resumen
Este artículo explica, implementa, analiza y compara el rendimiento de las siguientes técnicas para el segui-
miento del punto máximo de potencia (MPTT por sus siglas en inglés) de un panel solar: 1) Perturbación y
Observación (P&O), 2) tensión constante, 3) escalado simple, y 4) conductancia incremental. La descripción
detallada de cada técnica se presenta como primera contribución del trabajo, para que los estudiantes de
ingeniería y los ingenieros puedan comprenderlas más fácilmente y ver sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Las
técnicas se implementaron en OpenModelica, donde se simula un panel solar comercial controlado por un
convertidor Boost. OpenModelica dispone de dos bloques MPPT basados en el algoritmo clásico P&O, por
lo que se crearon bloques con los algoritmos de las otras técnicas como segunda contribución del artículo.
Los resultados de la simulación muestran que la técnica de voltaje constante tiene el peor rendimiento, es
lenta y su eficiencia cae considerablemente con los cambios de temperatura, por lo que no se recomienda su
uso; mientras que la técnica de conductancia incremental presenta el mejor rendimiento con los cambios de
irradiancia y temperatura.
Citas
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