Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de aceites esenciales de Eryngium foetidum L. y Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze
- Marianella Ortiz-Ruíz
, - Jesús David Navarro-Mengual,
- Beatriz E. Jaramillo-Colorado
Resumen
En el presente trabajo, se determinó la composición química volátil de los aceites esenciales colombianos de Eryngium foetidum L. y Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze, extraídos por hidrodestilación, usando la técnica de cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). El aceite esencial de hojas de E. foetidum está compuesto en su mayoría de aldehídos alifáticos, principalmente 2-dodecenal (43,0%), mientras que en el aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de C. brownei fueron la mentona (54,3%), la pulegona (17,7%), y el neomentol (16,1%). La susceptibilidad de las cepas bacterianas Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 11632), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) a los aceites esenciales se probó con los ensayos de difusión en agar y se encontró que el aceite esencial de E. foetidum inhibe el crecimiento de S. aureus (90% a 150 µg mL-1). Ensayos de microdilución en caldo determinaron que la MIC y MBC de E. foetidum contra S. aureus fue de 105 y 150 μg mL-1, respectivamente. El 2-dodecenal tuvo actividad antibacteriana fuerte contra S. aureus con MIC y MBC de 105 μg mL-1 (98%). Combinaciones binarias de 2-dodecenal y S-limoneno o 2,4,6-trimetoxibenzaldehido tuvieron efecto indiferente en ensayos de tablero de ajedrez, por lo que se podría afirmar que la actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Eryngium foetidum se debe principalmente a la acción del 2-dodecenal.
Palabras clave
Actividad antimicrobiana, Staphylococcus aureus, Aceite esencial, Hidrodestilación, Bioprospección
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