Evaluación de residuos lignocelulósicos modificados químicamente en la adsorción de Cr (VI)
Resumen
El Cr(VI) tiene efectos cancerígenos y mutagénicos en seres vivos. La bioadsorción se presenta como alternativa a las tecnologías convencionales para tratamiento de aguas residuales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el uso de la tusa de maíz modificada con ácido cítrico y la cáscara de naranja con cloruro de calcio, para la remoción de Cr (VI) en sistema por lotes evaluando el efecto del pH y el tamaño de partícula. Los biomateriales se caracterizaron por análisis químico, elemental y FTIR, evidenciando la presencia de grupos hidroxilo, carbonilo y carboxilo, pertenecientes a la celulosa y la lignina a estos se les atribuye propiedades de centros activos intervinientes en el proceso de adsorción. Los experimentos de adsorción por lotes se realizaron utilizando una solución de Dicromato de potasio a 100 ppm, 150 rpm pH 2, 3, 4 y 6 y tamaños de partícula 0,355, 0,5 y 1 mm, encontrándose que los porcentajes máximos de remoción se obtuvieron a pH 2 y tamaño de partícula 0.355 usando tusa de maíz y cáscara de naranja; la concentración final del metal se determinó por el standard método ASTM D 1687-02 con 1,5-difenilcarbazida a 540 nm. Se evaluó la cinética e isotermas a las mejores condiciones encontradas, obteniéndose que los datos experimentales fueron ajustados al modelo de Pseudo-segundo orden y Freundlich, respectivamente, con R2>0,95; esto sugiere que el proceso es controlado por reacción química y sucede en multicapas. Se obtuvo el siguiente desempeño de las biomasas en términos q0: tusa de maíz>naranja>tusa de maíz-mod>naranja-mod.
Palabras clave
biosorción, cromo (VI), freundlich, pseudo-segundo orden
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