Diseño de un sistema de retroalimentación neuronal para el entrenamiento de la meditación basado en electroencefalograma

Resumen

La meditación es una forma de entrenamiento mental que tiene potencial terapéutico y beneficios cognitivos que pueden mejorar la atención, el bienestar mental y la neuroplasticidad en el cerebro. Sin embargo, el proceso de aprendizaje no es fácil porque los meditadores no reciben una retroalimentación inmediata que les permita saber si están realizando correctamente la actividad. El entrenamiento basado en retroalimentación neuronal es una de las técnicas para entrenar la autorregulación del cerebro y tiene el potencial de aumentar la efectividad de la meditación. Sin embargo, los beneficios difieren mucho entre sujetos con un alto porcentaje de ineficacia. En este trabajo, se propone un Sistema de Entrenamiento de Retroalimentación Neuronal basado en una metodología de diseño centrada en el usuario para proporcionar retroalimentación de desempeño en tiempo real a los meditadores para aumentar los niveles de atención y relajación a través de una interfaz de estímulos visuales, sonoros y olfativos. Los niveles de atención y relajación de nueve participantes se midieron con una diadema Neurosky EEG durante la práctica de meditación para analizar la incidencia de cada tipo de estímulo durante la actividad. La retroalimentación de estímulos visuales pudo aumentar los niveles de atención del 78% de los participantes en un 11,8% en comparación con una sesión de meditación sin ningún estímulo. La retroalimentación de los estímulos sonoros logró aumentar los niveles de relajación del 44,4% de los participantes en un 16% en comparación con una sesión sin ningún estímulo. Estos resultados podrían aportar nuevos conocimientos para el diseño de una interfaz de sistema de retroalimentación neuronal el entrenamiento de la meditación. Se sugiere realizar más investigaciones sobre las interfaces de entrenamiento de retroalimentación neuronal para meditadores con el fin de validar estos resultados con más participantes.

Palabras clave

Atención, Electroencefalograma, Meditación, Retroalimentación Neuronal, Relajación, Entrenamiento

Biografía del autor/a

Andrés Eduardo Nieto-Vallejo, M.Sc.

Roles:  Recolección de datos, Análisis formal, Metodología, Software, Validación, Escritura-borrador original, Escritura- revisión edición.

Omar Fernando Ramírez-Pérez, M.Sc.

Roles: Análisis formal, Escritura-borrador original, Escritura- revisión edición.

Luis Eduardo Ballesteros-Arroyave

Roles: Conceptualización, Metodología, Recolección de datos, Escritura-borrador original.

Angela Aragón

Roles: Conceptualización, Metodología, Recolección de datos Escritura-borrador original.

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