Mapeo sistemático de la literatura sobre los malos olores en los requisitos de desarrollo de software
Resumen
Una de las actividades responsables del éxito en los proyectos de desarrollo de software es la especificación de requisitos, cuyo propósito es asegurar que los deseos o necesidades del cliente representan de forma precisa lo que ellos esperan. Un proceso claro y estructurado durante la especificación de requisitos permite evitar reprocesos en etapas posteriores del ciclo de vida del proyecto, generando un beneficio en términos de estimación de tiempos para nuevas tareas, costo y esfuerzo. En este sentido, es importante contar con mecanismos o técnicas que permitan identificar y mitigar posibles errores durante la especificación de requisitos. En particular, la ingeniería de software propone el término “olor”, que se puede definir como un síntoma concreto que puede generar defectos en un requisito. Con el objetivo de establecer un estado del conocimiento más amplio en torno a la identificación, clasificación de olores presentes durante la especificación de requisitos y su impacto en la generación de un fenómeno conocido como deuda de requisitos, este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos después de realizar un mapeo sistemático de la literatura, en el cual se describen las propuestas, iniciativas, resultados, herramientas tecnológicas, beneficios y desafíos en torno a la identificación y gestión de olores en la etapa de levantamiento de requisitos durante el desarrollo de soluciones software.
Palabras clave
Requisito oloroso, deuda de requisitos, desarrollo de software, ingeniería de software, ingeniería de requisitos
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