Control de emisiones de olores ofensivos en el sector pecuario: una revisión sistemática
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Resumo
Las emisiones de olores ofensivos de las unidades pecuarias pueden generar molestias y afectaciones en la salud de las personas que residen en el área de influencia de estas instalaciones. Con el propósito de reducir dicha problemática es necesario que en las granjas se implementen buenas prácticas y tecnologías que permitan reducir o eliminar los olores ofensivos. En la presente monografía se realizó un análisis bibliométrico para identificar las tendencias de investigación en el campo del control de olores ofensivos en unidades pecuarias. La búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en la base de datos Scopus y el análisis de co-ocurrencia se realizó con el software VOSviewer© (version 1.6.18). Como resultado de la estrategia de búsqueda se obtuvieron 518 documentos publicados entre los años 2012 y 2022. El análisis de palabras claves reveló que las principales actividades pecuarias investigadas son la porcícola, avícola y bovina. Adicionalmente, las tecnologías para el control, mitigación y/o reducción de los olores ofensivos en actividades pecuarias con mayor número de investigaciones corresponden a digestión anaerobia, biofiltración, biopercolación, adsorción con biocarbón y procesos de oxidación avanzada. Cabe resaltar que las investigaciones aplicadas en este sector productivo indican que estas tecnologías son efectivas para la reducción de las emisiones de olores y de sustancias odorantes como NH3 y H2S.
Palavras-chave
Olores ofensivos, Unidades pecuarias, Biofiltración, Biopercolación, Digestión anaerobia, Biocarbón, Procesos de oxidación avanzada
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