Distribución de fotoasimilados en los órganos vertederos de plantas Solanaceas, caso tomate y papa. Una revisión
- Andres Felipe León-Burgos
, - Gina Yuret Beltrán Cortes,
- Andrea Liliana Barragán Pérez ,
- Helber Enrique Balaguera-López
Resumen
Los cultivos de tomate y papa son productos agrícolas de gran importancia a nivel mundial por su valor nutricional e industrial. La distribución de fotoasimilados en los órganos vertederos de estos cultivos depende en gran medida del metabolismo y partición de carbono generado en los procesos fotosintéticos, en la dinámica tanto de los órganos fuente y vertedero como en la actividad de enzimas vinculadas al metabolismo de azúcares, así como factores ambientales y nutricionales. Basado en esto, el objetivo de este documento fue revisar y discutir sobre el conocimiento actual de la distribución de los fotoasimilados en los órganos vertederos y los factores que pueden afectar este mecanismo en los cultivos de tomate y papa. De acuerdo con la información recopilada en artículos de investigación y de revisión recientes, se reporta que alrededor del 80% o 90% de los fotoasimilados producidos en los órganos fuentes en los cultivos de tomate y papa son transportados o translocados hacia los órganos vertederos de interés comercial (frutos y tubérculos). Tanto el desbalance en fuente/vertedero, así como el estrés hídrico y nutricional, en especial, deficiencias de nitrógeno y potasio afectan significativamente la distribución y transporte de los fotoasimilados. En contraste con los efectos de la calidad de la luz puede mejorar la carga de fotoasimilados en los órganos vertederos y mejorar atributos de la calidad como aumento en el tamaño de los frutos y concentración de azucares. Sin embargo, aún faltan más investigaciones que corrobore este efecto bajo condiciones de campo o en invernadero en las condiciones del trópico.
Palabras clave
Fuerza de Vertedero, Relación Fuente/Vertedero, Metabolismo de Azúcares, Raleo de Frutos
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