Síntesis De Zβ A Partir de Cenizas Volantes, Utilizadas En Liberación Controlada De Nitratos
Resumen
En este trabajo se sintetizó zeolita beta (Zβ) usando cenizas volantes (CV) de la central eléctrica de carbón, Termopaipa, situada en Paipa, Boyacá (Colombia). Las cenizas se utilizaron para extraer el silicio (Si) y aluminio (Al), para lo cual se realizó un pretratamiento ácido seguido de proceso hidrotérmico con NaOH. Para la obtención de la zeolita beta se varió la fuente de silicio y aluminio del gel madre y el tiempo de cristalización, manteniendo una composición nominal igual a 50SiO2: 1Al2O3: 25TEAOH: Na2O: K2O: 17H2O. En el primer experimento, las CV aportaron la fuente de aluminio, mientras que la fuente de silicio se obtuvo a partir de las CV y sílice fumante. La síntesis hidrotérmica se realizó a 170 °C durante 40 h, lo cual condujo a la obtención de ZSM-5 junto con una fase secundaria de mordenita. En el segundo experimento, las CV aportaron la fuente de silicio y se requirió la adición de sulfato de aluminio octadecahidratado como fuente de aluminio. La síntesis hidrotérmica se realizó a 170 °C y 60 h, lo cual condujo a una Zβ de alta pureza. Las zeolitas se caracterizaron usando DRX, FTIR, SEM y XRF. Las zeolitas se modificaron usando (3-aminopropil) trietóxisilano (APTES) y bromuro de hexadeciltrimetilamonio (HDTMA-Br). Los resultados muestran que la Zβ-APTES, con una capacidad de adsorción de 5 mmol NO3-/100g tiene el mayor potencial para la aplicación de liberación controlada de fertilizantes.
Palabras clave
adsorción, cenizas volantes, liberación controlada, nitratos, zeolita beta
Citas
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