Producción de biomasa, contenido y composición del aceite esencial de albahaca en sistemas hidropónicos utilizando efluentes domésticos tratados
- Lucylia Suzart Alves
, - Hans Raj Gheyi,
- Mairton Gomes da Silva,
- Vital Pedro da Silva Paz
Resumen
La reutilización de aguas residuales domésticas es una alternativa para la agricultura de riego, contribuyendo así a disminuir la presión sobre el agua de consumo humano. En este contexto, el estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción de biomasa, el contenido y la composición de aceite esencial de los genotipos de albahaca ‘Alfavaca Basilicão’ y ‘Grecco a Palla’ bajo diferentes distancias de plantación en sistemas hidropónicos. Se realizaron dos experimentos, entre marzo y mayo (Experimento I) y julio y septiembre de 2015 (Experimento II) en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en un arreglo factorial 2×3. En el Experimento I se evaluaron dos sistemas hidropónicos (Técnica de Flujo Laminar de Nutrientes - NFT y Técnica de Flujo Profundo - DFT) y tres distancias de plantas en los canales hidropónicos (0,20; 0,30 y 0,40 m). Mientras que en el Experimento II se utilizó solo en el sistema hidropónico DFT y se evaluaron dos tipos de agua (red de abastecimiento de agua tratada y efluentes domésticos tratados) y tres intervalos de recirculación de soluciones nutritivas (a intervalos de 2, 4 y 6 h). En general, la biomasa seca por planta, el contenido de aceite y el rendimiento de aceite de los dos genotipos de albahaca no fueron influenciados por los sistemas hidropónicos, el espaciamiento de las plantas o el tipo de agua. En el Experimento II, el aumento entre los intervalos de recirculación (4 o 6 h) afectó negativamente al genotipo ‘Grecco a Palla’. El linalool fue el componente principal en el aceite esencial de los dos genotipos de albahaca, variando del 47,00 al 70,10% (Experimento I) y del 59,47 al 63,64% (Experimento II) en el genotipo ‘Alfavaca Basilicão’; en el genotipo ‘Grecco a Palla’ osciló entre 10,19 y 43,03% (Experimento I) y entre 19,94 y 53,37% (Experimento II).
Palabras clave
Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum minimum, Cultivo sin suelo, Escasez de agua
Citas
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