Estado actual de fitopatógenos de importancia agrícola para Colombia. Una revisión
- Tiago Miguel Marques Monteiro Amaro
, - Jonathan Cope,
- Bárbara Franco-Orozco
Resumen
Las enfermedades de las plantas constituyen todavía un gran factor limitante para la producción agrícola a nivel global. Los patógenos y plagas vegetales disminuyen el rendimiento agrícola y pueden causar grandes reducciones en la calidad de los cultivos cosechados. Colombia no es una excepción, ya que lucha contra muchos fitopatógenos devastadores que representan una gran amenaza para el sector agrícola del país. Este artículo de revisión es importante ya que destaca cuatro de los fitopatógenos más devastadores que afectan económicamente cultivos de gran importancia en Colombia - Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), Phytophthora palmivora, y Hemileia vastatrix. Este trabajo fue desarrollado a través de una búsqueda extensiva de literatura acerca de enfermedades vegetales en Colombia en bases de datos como por ejemplo PubMed y Google Scholar. Además, esta búsqueda fue complementada con un rastreo acerca de la producción agrícola del país en bases de datos que se encuentran disponibles por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO). Los cuatro patógenos descritos en este trabajo fueron elegidos no solamente por sus actuales efectos devastadores en la producción agrícola colombiana pero también por su potencial para causar aún más daño en un futuro cercano. El entendimiento de la situación actual de estos fitopatógenos en Colombia es esencial para que se implementen políticas públicas que promuevan el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de control eficientes e informadas.
Palabras clave
Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora palmivora, Hemileia vastatrix, Cambio climático, Interacción planta-patógeno
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