Índices de calidad de agua en México y Colombia. Evolución, criterios y cambios

Resumo

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a simple and easy-to-understand tool for analyzing and reporting quality trends. Water quality is not static and depends on multiple factors, in this sense; globally various indices have been developed based on local water quality criteria. This paper explores and discusses about water quality assessment and their steps taking into account the widely used index models in the world. These steps include selecting the parameters, sub-index generation, weightings of the parameters, and sub-indices aggregation. The advantages and disadvantages of each index identified,
and the main limitations that arise in the calculation of the different methodologies detected. These limitations are the subjectivity in selecting and weighing the parameters and the ambiguity and eclipsing in the aggregation stage. Objective
methodological tools to solve these limitations consider the use of statistical and fuzzy logic techniques. The CCMEWQI is a versatile water quality index, since it allows the determination of the temporal and spatial conditions for the different uses in a specific way, achieving with regulations, and based on the analysis of monitoring data for each region.

Palavras-chave

Aggregation, parameters, quality, surface waters, water use, WQI

Biografia do Autor

Ana Patricia Gaytán-Alarcón

Es profesora en el Instituto Tecnológico del Valle del Guadiana (ITVG), Durango, Dgo., México.

Candidato a Doctor del Doctorado en Ciencias en Conservación del Patrimonio Paisajístico por el Centro Interdisciplinario De Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Durango.

Maestra en Sistemas ambientales por el Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. (ITD-UPIDET), Durango.

María del Socorro González-Elizondo

Es profesora-investigadora en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Durango Dgo., México.

Bióloga (UANL), Maestría y Doctorado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional.

Su trabajo se enfoca a la florística y la vegetación del norte de México.

Coautora de siete libros y más de 140 artículos científicos.

Editora asociada en Forest Ecosystems y Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad.

Premio al Mérito Ecológico en México (2014). Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, Academia Nacional de Ciencias Forestales y Society of Wetland Scientists, entre otras.

Inés Vergara Gómez

Las áreas de investigación de la profesora Vergara incluyen temas de Hidrología Superficial y
Subterránea. Ha colaborado en varios proyectos de investigación en hidrogeología con el grupo de
Ingeniería Geológica UPTC y asesora el capítulo estudiantil de la ACH; ha participado en estudios
desarrollados por la Universidad para entidades públicas y privadas relacionados con aguas
subterráneas. Como profesional ha trabajado durante más de 25 años en el sector privado y
público, alternando con la cátedra universitaria.

Mercedes Díaz Lagos

Las áreas de interés de la profesora Mercedes Díaz Lagos incluyen la Física, Fisicoquímica y Ciencia de Materiales, específicamente en temas relacionados con: Sistemas de baja dimensionalidad, nanoestructuras, superficies y recubrimientos, coloides e interfaces, caracterización de Materiales: recursos minero energéticos y materiales industriales, metales pesados en diversas matrices: remediación ambiental. Es de resaltar, la vinculación como miembro fundador de la Red NanoColombia. Cuenta con experiencia laboral en investigación y docencia en Física, experiencia en el manejo de diversas técnicas de crecimiento y de caracterización de materiales. Actualmente se desempeña como Directora del Centro de Gestión de Investigación y Extensión, CIFAS de la Facultad Seccional Sogamoso.

María Teresa Alarcón Herrera

Actualmente funge como Profesora-Investigadora en el Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Sede Durango, Dgo., México. SNI-II dentro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores.

Cuenta con Maestría (UNAM, México) y Doctorado en Ingeniería Ambiental (University of Windsor, Canadá), Líneas de Investigación:  Ingeniería Ambiental, Calidad del Agua, Procesos de tratamiento, Soluciones basadas en la Naturaleza, Fitorremediacion, Caracterización y restauración de sitios contaminados. Además, es Coautora de siete libros y más de 100 artículos científicos en revistas indexadas.

Editora Asociada en el Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, ICE

Directora del CIMAV-Durango 2014-2017; Profesora Invitada Catedra México-Toulouse, Francia (2012 y 2019); Premio Estatal, Destacada Científica Chihuahuense (2010).

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