El empleo juvenil y la intención emprendedora en los estudiantes universitarios colombianos
Resumen
Este artículo revisa la literatura sobre la incidencia de la intención emprendedora en los estudiantes universitarios en Colombia, cuyo contexto es el autoempleo juvenil, como posible estrategia del emprendimiento. La investigación es de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo. El análisis se basa en la revisión de la literatura publicada durante las últimas dos décadas, registrada en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus. Los artículos analizados se seleccionaron con criterios de inclusión en revistas de alto impacto y mayor número de citaciones. De esta revisión resultaron 45 artículos y se seleccionaron 13, los cuales se refieren específicamente a la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios colombianos. Los hallazgos de los artículos analizados, en los que el fundamento teórico es la teoría del comportamiento planeado (TCP), coinciden en que la actitud emprendedora es el predictor más influyente, en cuanto las normas subjetivas tienen una importancia menor en la intención emprendedora. Así mismo, se destaca la educación en emprendimiento, elemento clave para potenciar las competencias emocionales y la autoeficacia, de las que se derivan condiciones favorables para fomentar el emprendimiento juvenil en un contexto con un nivel de desempleo elevado en este grupo poblacional del país. Este artículo contribuye a una mayor comprensión de la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios, a partir de los estudios publicados y su relación con el emprendimiento, como estrategia de crecimiento económico y desarrollo social en una economía emergente como la colombiana.
Palabras clave
empleo juvenil, intención emprendedora, teoría del comportamiento planeado, estudiantes universitarios, ecosistemas educativos, Colombia
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