Valorización De Residuos De Parafinas Provenientes De La Pirólisis De Plásticos Por Craqueo Catalítico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19053/01217488.v11.n1.2020.10488Palabras clave:
Desechos plásticos, craqueo catalítico, parafinas, cromatografía de gases, combustible.Resumen
En esta investigación se estudió el efecto del tipo de catalizador, la temperatura de reacción y la relación másica catalizador/parafinas en la conversión de parafinas provenientes de residuos de pirólisis de plásticos, a través de craqueo catalítico. Se seleccionaron como catalizadores la Zeolita Y y la Zeolita ZSM-5, las relaciones másicas catalizador/parafina de 0.4:1 y 0.20:1, y las temperaturas de reacción de 400˚C y 440˚C. La reacción de craqueo de las parafinas se llevó a cabo en un reactor de lecho fijo. Por medio de análisis estadístico se determinó que el tipo de catalizador presenta el efecto más significativo al obtener un rendimiento promedio de 27.43% utilizando la Zeolita ZSM-5, en contraste con la Zeolita Y se obtuvo un 13.10%. Se determinó que se obtiene 1.2% más de rendimiento al utilizar la temperatura de 400˚C respecto a la de 440°C. La relación másica catalizador/parafina no afecta de manera significativa el rendimiento. Según los análisis por cromatografía de gases, se esperaría que de este producto líquido obtenido se puedan obtener productos similares al diésel, combustible de aviación Jet A-1 y gasolina regular.
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Referencias
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[2] J. Arandes, I. Torre, P. Castaño, M. Olazar, & J. Bilbao, “Catalytic cracking of waxes produced by the fast pyrolysis of polyolefins”, Energy & Fuels, vol. 21, no 2, pp. 561-569, 2007. doi:10.1021/ef060471s
[3] F. Calderón. “Derivados de basura de plástico”. pp. 1-2. 17 de enero de 2017. URL: drcalderonlabs.com.
[4] S. Anuar, F. Abnisa, W. Ashri, & A. Kheireddine, “A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 115, pp. 308-326. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037.
[5] J. Speight, The chemistry and technology of petroleum. Florida, Estados Unidos: CRC Press, 2014.
[6] J. Zhang, H. Shan, X. Chen, C. Li, & C. Yang, “Multifunctional two-stage riser catalytic cracking of heavy oil”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 658-668, 2013. doi:10.1021/ie302650t
[7] D. Decroocq, Catalytic cracking of heavy petroleum fractions. París, Francia: Instituto Francés de Petróleo, 1984.
[8] W. Sriningsih, M. Garby Saerodji, W. Trisunaryanti, Triyono, R. Armunanto, I. Izul Falah, “Fuel Production from LDPE Plastic Waste over Natural Zeolite Supported Ni, Ni-Mo, Co and Co-Mo Metals”, Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 215-224, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.028
[9] X. Zhu, S. Jiang, C. Li, X. Chen, & C. Yang, “Residue catalytic cracking process for maximun ethylene and propylene production”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 52, no. 40, pp. 14366-14375, 2013. doi: 10.1021/ie401784q.
[10] S. Inagaki, S. Shinoda, Y. Kaneko, K. Takechi, R. Komatsu, Y. Tsuboi & Y. Kubota, “Facile fabrication of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst with high durability to coke formation during catalytic cracking of paraffins”, ACS Catalysis, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 74-78, 2012. doi:10.1021/cs300426k
[11] E. Vogt & B. Weckhuysen, “Fluid catalytic cracking: recent developments on the grand old lady of zeolite catalysis”, Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 44, no. 20, pp. 7342-7370, 2015. doi:10.1039/c5cs00376h
[12] ASTM. “Standard test method for testing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts by Microactivity test (D3907)” pp. 1-6. 2017
[13] T. Komatsu, “Catalytic cracking of paraffins on zeolite catalysts for the production of light olefins”, en Annual Catalysts in petroleum refining & petrochemicals Symposiuym Papers, Japan, Tokyo, 2010, pp. 122-131.
[14] V. Weekman, “Kinetics and dynamics of catalytic cracking selectivity in fixed-bed reactor”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 385–391. doi:10.1021/i260031a015
[15] American Petroleum Institute. “Manual of petroleum measurement standards: Chapter 11-Physical properties data” API Publications Programs and Services. Estados Unidos. 2007.
[16] J. Souza, J. Vargas, J. Ordoñez, W. Martignoni, & O. von Meien, “Thermodynamic optimization of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, no. 5-6, pp. 1187-1197, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.10.034
[17] N. Chang, Z. Gu, Z. Wang, Z. Liu, X. Hou, & J. Wang, “Study of Y zeolite catalysts for coal tar hydro-cracking in supercritical gasoline”, Journal of Porous Materials, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 589-596, 2011. doi:10.1007/s10934-010-9413-1
[18] D. K. Ratnasari, M. A. Nahil, & P. T. Williams, “Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using staged catalysis for production of gasoline range hydrocarbon oils”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 124, pp. 631–637, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2016.12.027
[19] H. Ohkita, R. Nishiyama, Y. Tochihara, T. Mizushima, N. Kakuta, A. Ueno, Y. Namiki, S. Tanifuji, H. Katoh, H. Sunazuka, R. Nakayama, & T. Kuroyanagi, “Acid properties of silica-alumina catalysts and catalytic degradation of polyethylene”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 32, pp. 3112-3116. 1993. doi: 10.1021/ie00024a021
[20] N. S. Akpanudoh, K. Gobin, G. Manos, “Catalytic degradation of plastic waste to liquid fuel over commercial cracking catalysts”, J. Mol. Catal. A. Chemical, vol. 235, no. 1, pp. 67-73, 2005.
[21] D.P. Serrano, J. Aguado, & J.M. Escola, “Developing advanced catalysts for the conversion of polyolefinic waste plastics into fuels and chemicals”, ACS Catalysis, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 1924–1941, 2012. doi:10.1021/cs3003403
[22] G. Manos, Y. Yusof, N. H. Gangas, & N. Papayannakos, “Tertiary recycling of polyethylene to hydrocarbon fuel by catalytic cracking over aluminum pillared clays”, Energy & Fuels, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 485-489, 2002. doi:10.1021/ef0102364
[23] M. Syamsiro, H. Saptoadi, T. Norsujianto, P. Noviasri, S. Chenga, Z. Alimuddin, & K. Yoshikawa, “Fuel Oil Production from Municipal Plastic Wastes in Sequential Pyrolysis and Catalytic Reforming Reactors”, Energy Procedia, vol. 47, pp. 180 – 188, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.212
[24] H. Sung, G. Brown, & R. White, “Thermal Cracking of petroleum”, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1153-1161, 1945. doi.10.1021/ie50432a010
[25] Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos. “Informe Evaluación de la calidad de los combustibles en los planteles de Recope”. 7 de junio de 2018. URL: https://aresep.go.cr/
[26] ASTM. “Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum
Fractions by Gas Chromatography (D2887)”pp. 1-35. 2018.
[27] P. N. Sharratt, Y. H. Lin, A. A. Garforth, & J. Dwyer, “Investigation of the catalytic pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene over a HZSM-5 catalyst in a laboratory fluidized-bed reactor”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 36, pp. 5118–5124, 1997. doi: 10.1021/ie970348b
[28] G. San Miguel, D. P. Serrano, & J. Aguado, “Valorization of waste agricultural polyethylene film by sequential pyrolysis and catalytic reforming”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 48, pp. 8697–8703. 2009. doi: 10.1021/ie900776w
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Publicado
2020-03-25
Cómo citar
Herrera, J. I. S., Miranda, B. C., Barquero, A. D., & Rivera, G. J. (2020). Valorización De Residuos De Parafinas Provenientes De La Pirólisis De Plásticos Por Craqueo Catalítico. Ciencia En Desarrollo, 11(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.19053/01217488.v11.n1.2020.10488
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Artículos de investigación / Research papers
