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Vol. 19 Núm. 1 (2025)
En prensa / In Press

Sección de hortalizas

Aislamiento e identificación molecular de hongos contaminantes en semillas de hortalizas: Ají dulce tipo Topito (Capsicum sinense), ahuyama (Cucurbita moschata) y berenjena (Solanum melongena) de importancia económica en la Costa Caribe colombiana

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2025v19i1.18634

Publicado 2025-01-01

  • Manuel Alfonso Patiño-Moscoso
    • ,
  • Jesús Antonio Rivera-Avilez
    • ,
  • Karen Viviana Osorio-Guerrero
    • ,
  • Maria Fernanda Valencia Guerrero
    • ,
  • Luisa Fernanda Sarmiento-Moreno

Manuel Alfonso Patiño-Moscoso
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research–AGROSAVIA, Mosquera (Colombia)

Jesús Antonio Rivera-Avilez
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research–AGROSAVIA, Mosquera (Colombia)

Karen Viviana Osorio-Guerrero
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research–AGROSAVIA, Mosquera (Colombia)

Maria Fernanda Valencia Guerrero
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research–AGROSAVIA, Mosquera (Colombia)

Luisa Fernanda Sarmiento-Moreno
Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research–AGROSAVIA, Mosquera (Colombia)

Field seed production and seed health test of Topito type sweet pepper (Capsicum sinense Jacques); winter squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Photos: C. Espitia-Romero

Resumen

La contaminación fúngica de semillas de ají dulce tipo Topito (Capsicum chinense), berenjena (Solanum melongena) y ahuyama (Cucurbita moschata) en el Caribe colombiano supone una amenaza para la producción hortícola a pequeña escala. Este estudio identificó contaminantes fúngicos incubando semillas en agar de dextrosa de papa y realizando una caracterización morfológica y molecular mediante la amplificación de las regiones ITS1 e ITS4. Se aislaron 32 cepas fúngicas, clasificadas en 25 morfotipos, con amplicones que oscilaron entre 497 y 1.452 pb y porcentajes de identidad del 89% al 100% en comparación con secuencias de GenBank. La ahuyama PST1 presentó contaminación en el 37% de las semillas, por Fusarium equiseti (26%), mientras que el ají dulce Topito DTP1 mostró el mismo porcentaje, siendo Penicillium citrinum (16%) la especie más prevalente. Las berenjenas Bv1 y Bv2 evidenciaron mayor diversidad fúngica, incluyendo Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum y Schizophyllum commune. Los hongos identificados comprenden especies saprófitas y patógenas, asociadas con la necrosis de plantas y el deterioro de semillas. El análisis morfológico reveló rasgos macroscópicos y microscópicos distintivos, como las macroconidias en forma de canoa de Fusarium spp. y las conidias en forma de brocha de P. citrinum. Este estudio aporta nuevos conocimientos sobre la contaminación fúngica en semillas de hortalizas, identificando especies no reportadas previamente. Además resalta la necesidad de optimizar los protocolos de producción y almacenamiento para prevenir contaminantes, regulando la humedad y la temperatura para evitar la proliferación de patógenos.

Palabras clave

Hongo, Hongo patógeno, Semilla, Hortaliza, Calidad de la semilla, Sanidad vegetal

PDF (English)

Citas

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