¿Qué ha pasado con la aplicación del estudio de tiempos y movimientos en las últimas dos décadas?: Revisión de la literatura
Resumen
El estudio de tiempos y movimientos es una técnica de la ingeniería industrial que busca aumentar la productividad de las organizaciones, eliminando en forma sistemática las operaciones que no agregan valor al proceso y se constituye en la base para la estandarización de los tiempos de operación. El presente trabajo pretende identificar la aplicación que el estudio de tiempos y movimientos ha tenido durante las últimas dos décadas, así como las técnicas y herramientas más utilizadas y los sectores a los que ha sido aplicado, para lo cual fueron consultadas las bases de datos Science Direct y Web of Science y se utilizó la herramienta tecnológica de análisis de redes de citaciones denominada tree of science, desarrollada en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales. A partir del análisis se pudo determinar que el estudio de tiempos con cronómetro, aplicado en su forma tradicional, es la técnica más utilizada para la medición de las tareas, adicionalmente se presenta una notoria tendencia a la realización de investigaciones en el sector salud.
Palabras clave
estudio de tiempos y movimientos, tree of science, técnicas de medición
Referencias
- Abbey, M., Chaboyer, W. & Mitchell, M. (2012). Understanding the work of intensive care nurses: a time and motion study. Australian Critical Care, 25(1), 13-22. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2011.08.002.
- Adam, E., & Ebert, R. (1991). Administración de la producción y las operaciones: conceptos, modelos y funcionamiento. México: Pearson educación.
- Adam, T., Amorim, D., Edwards, S., Amaral, J., & Evans, D. (2005). Capacity constraints to the adoption of new interventions: consultation time and the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in Brazil. Health policy and planning, 20(suppl 1), i49-i57.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czi057.
- Aft, L. (2000). Work measurement and methods improvement .Vol. 9. John Wiley & Sons.
- Al-Saleh, K. (2011). Productivity improvement of a motor vehicle inspection station using motion and time study techniques. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 23(1), 33-41.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.20100.01.001.
- Ampt, A., Westbrook, J., Creswick, N., & Mallock, N. (2007). A comparison of self-reported and observational work sampling techniques for measuring time in nursing tasks. Journal of health services research & policy, 12(1), 18-24.
- DOI:http/dx.doi.org/10.1258/135581907779497576.
- Arabadzhiyska, P., Baysari, M., Walter, S., Day, R., & Westbrook, J. (2013). Shedding light on junior doctors' work practices after hours. Internal medicine journal, 43(12), 1321-1326.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.12223.
- Asfaw, E., Dominis, S., Palen, J., Wong, W., Bekele, A., Kebede, A., & Johns, B. (2014). Patient satisfaction with task shifting of antiretroviral services in Ethiopia: implications for universal health coverage. Health policy and planning, 29(suppl 2),ii50-ii58.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czu072.
- Baines, A. (1995). Work measurement-the basic principles revisited. Work Study, 44(7), 10-14.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00438029510096553
- Barnes, R. (1980). Motion and Time Study; Design and Measurement of Work (17 ed.). New York: John Wiley.
- Baumgart, A., & Neuhauser, D. (2009). Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: scientific management in the operating room. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 18(5), 413-415.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2009.032409.
- Best, T. (2010). Work measurement in skilled labor environments. Retrieved August, 2, 2013.
- Block, L., Habicht, R., Wu, A., Desai, S., Wang, K., Silva, K., ... & Feldman, L. (2013). In the wake of the 2003 and 2011 duty hours regulations, how do internal medicine interns spend their time?. Journal of general internal medicine, 28(8), 1042-1047.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2376-6.
- Body, J., Mebis, J., Peeters, M., Besse-Hammer, T., Fikkert, V., de Cock, E., ... & Hechmati, G. (2015). A Time and Motion Study of Denosumab Subcutaneous Injection and Zoledronic Acid Intravenous Infusion in Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease in Belgium. Value in health: the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 18(7), A485.
- Bratt, J., Foreit, J., Chen, P., West, C., Janowitz, B., & De Vargas, T. (1999). A comparison of four approaches for measuring clinician time use. Health policy and planning, 14(4), 374-381.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/14.4.374.
- Burke, T., McKee, J., Wilson, H., Donahue, R., Batenhorst, A., & Pathak, D. (2000). A comparison of time-and-motion and self-reporting methods of work measurement. Journal of Nursing Administration, 30(3), 118-125.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200003000-00003.
- Bruland, P., Forster, C., Breil, B., Ständer, S., Dugas, M., & Fritz, F. (2014). Does single-source create an added value? Evaluating the impact of introducing x4T into the clinical routine on workflow modifications, data quality and cost–benefit. International journal of medical informatics, 83(12), 915-928.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.08.007.
- Cady, R., & Finkelstein, S. (2014). Task–Technology Fit of Video Telehealth for Nurses in an Outpatient Clinic Setting. Telemedicine and e- Health, 20(7), 633-639.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2013.0242.
- Carreira, X., Mariño, R., Perez-Cancio, X., &Fernández, M. (2013). Design of algorithms for evaluating the efficiency of labour and variability of some group milking parlour parameters. Livestock
- Science, 151(2), 252- 263.
- DOI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.11.012
- Caso, A. (2006). Técnicas de medición del trabajo. FC Editorial. Ed, 2, 215.
- Chase, R., Jacobs, F. & Aquilano, N. (2009). Administración de Operaciones producción y cadena de suministros. Editorial Mc Graw Hill,Ed. Duodécima.
- Chisholm, C., Collison, E., Nelson, D., &Cordell, W. (2000). Emergency Department Workplace Interruptions Are Emergency Physicians “Interrupt‐driven” and “Multitasking”?. Academic Emergency Medicine, 7(11), 1239-1243. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00469.x.
- Chu, K., & Huang, C. (2013). Incremental analysis of the reengineering of an outpatient billing process: an empirical study in a public hospital. BMC health services research, 13(1),1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-215.
- Day, L., Belson, D., Dessouky, M., Hawkins, C., & Hogan, M. (2014). Optimizing efficiency and operations at a California safety-net endoscopy center: a modeling and simulation approach. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 80(5), 762-773.
- DOI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.02.1032.
- Davis, A., Elkeeb, A., Vizzeri, G., & Godley, B. (2016). Utilization of Portable Radios to Improve Ophthalmology Clinic Efficiency in an Academic Setting. Journal of medical systems, 40(3), 1-4.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0417-x.
- De Coster, I., Fournie, X., Faure, C., Ziani, E., Nicolas, L., Soubeyrand, B., & Van Damme, P. (2015). Assessment of preparation time with fully-liquid versus non-fully liquid paediatric hexavalent vaccines. A time and motion study. Vaccine, 33(32), 3976-3982.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.030.
- De Cock, E., Kritikou, P., Ravera, S., & Filippini, A. (2015). Time savings with once-monthly CERA: a time and motion study conducted in 13 haemodialysis centres in Italy. Blood purification, 40(2), 173-179. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437133.
- Denton, G., Durning, S., Hemmer, P., & Pangaro, L. (2005). RESEARCH BASIC TO MEDICAL EDUCATION: A Time and Motion Study of the Effect of Ambulatory Medical Students on the Duration of General Internal Medicine Clinics. Teaching and learning in medicine, 17(3), 285-289.
- DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328015tlm1703_15.
- Deo, S., Topp, S., Garcia, A., Soldner, M., Sokat, K., Chipukuma, J., ... & Swann, J. (2012). Modeling the impact of integrating HIV and outpatient health services on patient waiting times in an urban health clinic in Zambia. PLoS One, 7(4), e35479.
- DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035479.
- Durán, F. (2007). Ingeniería de Métodos Globalización: Técnicas para el Manejo Eficiente de Recursos en Organizaciones Fabriles de servicios Hospitalarios. Premio Universal de Guayaquil.
- Dwibedi, N., Sansgiry, S., Frost, C., Dasgupta, A., Jacob, S., Tipton, J. A., & Shippy, A. (2011). Effect of bar-code-assisted medication administration on nurses' activities in an intensive care unit: A time-motion study. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(11).
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp100382.
- Finkler, S., Knickman, J., Hendrickson, G., Lipkin Jr, M., & Thompson, W. (1993). A comparison of work-sampling and time-and-motion techniques for studies in health services research. Health services research, 28(5), 577.
- Fletcher, K., Visotcky, A., Slagle, J., Tarima, S., Weinger, M., & Schapira, M.(2012). The composition of intern work while on call. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(11), 1432-1437.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2120-7.
- García , R. (2005). Estudio del trabajo: ingeniería de métodos y medición del trabajo. Editorial McGraw Hill Interamericana. México.
- Groover, M. (2007). Work systems and the methods, measurement, and management of work (pp. 778-p). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- Hendrich, A., Chow, M., Skierczynski, B., & Lu, Z. (2009). A 36-hospital time and motion study: how do medical-surgical nurses spend their time?. RCHE Publications, 50.
- Hodson K, W. (1996). MAYNARD, Manual del Ingeniero Industrial Tomo I. México, DF: editorial McGrawHill.
- Hollingworth, W., Devine, E., Hansen, R., Lawless, N., Comstock, B., Wilson-Norton, J., ... & Sullivan, S.(2007). The impact of e-prescribing on prescriber and staff time in ambulatory care clinics: a time–motion study. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 14(6), 722-730. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2377.
- Hontelez, J., Newell, M., Bland, R., Munnelly, K., Lessells, R., & Bärnighausen, T. (2012). Human resources needs for universal access to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a time and motion study. Human resources for health, 10(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-10-39.
- Huang, E., Wang, H., Ko, P., Chang, A., Fu, C., Chen, J. & Chiang, W. (2013). Obstacles delaying the prompt deployment of piston-type mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation devices during emergency department resuscitation: A video-recording and time-motion study. Resuscitation, 84(9), 1208-1213.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.03.028.
- Izetbegović, J. (2007). Work Study in Construction Industry.
- Kanawaty, G. (1996). Introducción al estudio del trabajo. Ginebra, Organización internacional del Trabajo.
- Karger, D., & Bayha, F. (1987). Engineered work measurement: the principles, techniques, and data of methods-time measurement background and foundations of work measurement and methods-time measurement, plus other related material. Industrial Press Inc.
- Kee, R., Knott, J., Dreyfus, S., Lederman, R., Milton, S., & Joe, K. (2012). One hundred tasks an hour: an observational study of emergency department consultant activities. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 24(3), 294-302.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2012.01540.x.
- Kreulen, C., Moscovich, H., Dansen, K., & Creugers, N. (2000). Time-and-motion study on Class II copy-milled ceramic inlays. Journal of dentistry, 28(6), 429-436.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(00)00008-7.
- Kilpatrick, K. (2013). How do nurse practitioners in acute care affect perceptions of team effectiveness?. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(17-18), 2636-2647. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12198.
- Kukafka, R., Allegrante, J., Khan, S., Bigger, J., & Johnson, S.(2013). Understanding facilitators and barriers to reengineering the clinical research enterprise in community-based practice settings. Contemporary clinical trials, 36(1), 166-174.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2013.06.008.
- Leafloor, C., Lochnan, H., Code, C., Keely, E., Rothwell, D., Forster, A., & Huang, A.(2015). Time-motion studies of internal medicine residents’ duty hours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Advances in medical education and practice, 6, 621.
- Li, L., Hains, I., Hordern, T., Milliss, D., Raper, R., & Westbrook, J. (2015). What do ICU doctors do?: A multisite time and motion study of the clinical work patterns of registrars. Critical Care and Resuscitation, 17(3), 159.
- Lo, H., Newmark, L., Yoon, C., Volk, L., Carlson, V., Kittler, A., ... & Bates, D.(2007). Electronic health records in specialty care: a time-motion study. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 14(5), 609-615. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2318.
- Lopetegui, M., Yen, P. Y., Lai, A., Jeffries, J., Embi, P., & Payne, P. (2014). Time motion studies in healthcare: What are we talking about?. Journal of biomedical informatics, 49, 292-299.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2014.02.017.
- Lopez, K., Gerling, G., Cary, M., & Kanak, M.(2010). Cognitive work analysis to evaluate the problem of patient falls in an inpatient setting. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 17(3), 313-321. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2009.000422.
- Lee, P., & Chan, A. (2003). Chinese speaking times. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 31(5), 313-321.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(02)00222-6.
- MacMillan, T., Slessarev, M., & Etchells, E. (2014). eWasted time: Redundant work during hospital admission and discharge. Health informatics journal, 1460458214534091.
- Mache, S., Vitzthum, K., Klapp, B., & Groneberg, D. (2012). Doctors' working conditions in emergency care units in Germany: a real-time assessment. Emergency Medicine Journal, 29(12), e1-e1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2011-200599.
- Magu, P., Khanna, K., & Seetharaman, P. (2015). Path Process Chart–A Technique for Conducting Time and Motion Study. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 6475-6482.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.929.
- Mallidou, A., Cummings, G., Schalm, C., & Estabrooks, C. (2013). Health care aides use of time in a residential long-term care unit: a time and motion study. International journal of nursing studies, 50(9), 1229-1239. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.12.009.
- Mamykina, L., Vawdrey, D., Stetson, P., Zheng, K., & Hripcsak, G. (2012). Clinical documentation: composition or synthesis?. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 19(6), 1025-1031.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-000901.
- Mangham-Jefferies, L., Mathewos, B., Russell, J., & Bekele, A. (2014). How do health extension workers in Ethiopia allocate their time?. Human resources for health, 12(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-61.
- Manzi, F., Schellenberg, J., Hutton, G., Wyss, K., Mbuya, C., Shirima, K., ... & Schellenberg, D. (2012). Human resources for health care delivery in Tanzania: a multifaceted problem. Human resources for health, 10(1), 1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-10-3.
- Meguerditchian, A., Krotneva, S., Reidel, K., Huang, A., & Tamblyn, R. (2013). Medication reconciliation at admission and discharge: a time and motion study. BMC health services research, 13(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-485.
- Mensah, N., Sukums, F., Awine, T., Meid, A., Williams, J., Akweongo, P., ... & Blank, A. (2015). Impact of an electronic clinical decision support system on workflow in antenatal care: the QUALMAT eCDSS in rural health care facilities in Ghana and Tanzania. Global ealth action, 8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.25756.
- Meyer, F. (2005). Estudio de Tiempos y Movimientos para la Manufactura Ágil, 4ta. Edición, México, Editorial Pearson Educación.
- Milosavljevic, M., Williams, P., Perez, G., & Dalla, T. (2011). The results of a pilot time‐and‐motion study in three Australian hospitals: Where do we spend our time?. Nutrition & Dietetics, 68(3), 185-188.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2011.01526.x.
- Mizuyama, H., Yamada, K., Tanaka, K., & Maki, A. (2013). Explanatory analysis of the manner in which an instructor adaptively organizes skilled motion teaching process. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 43(5), 430-438.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2013.07.002.
- Murphy, D., Reis, B., Sittig, D., & Singh, H. (2012). Notifications received by primary care practitioners in electronic health records: a taxonomy and time analysis. The American journal of medicine, 125(2), 209-e1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.07.029.
- Nakayama, S., Nakayama, K., & Nakayama, H. (2002). A study on setting standard time using work achievement quotient. International journal of production research, 40(15), 3945-3953.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540210159581.
- Niebel, B., Freivalds, A., & Osuna, M. (2004). Ingeniería Industrial: Métodos, estándares y diseño del trabajo. Alfaomega. Ed Undecima.
- Nor D,. (2008). Time Study Method Implementation in Manufacturing Industry.
- Odendaal, W., & Lewin, S. (2014). The provision of TB and HIV/AIDS treatment support by lay health workers in South Africa: a time-and-motion study. Human resources for health, 12(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-18.
- Overhage, J., Perkins, S., Tierney, W., & McDonald, C. (2001). Controlled trial of direct physician order entry: effects on physicians' time utilization in ambulatory primary care internal medicine practices. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 8(4), 361-371. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2001.0080361.
- Philpott, J., Shiferaw, S., Rouleau, K., Cole, D., Nicolle, E., Bezanson, K., ... & Derbew, M. (2013). Family Medicine needs assessment: Studying the clinical work of general practitioners in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 27(2), 134-140.
- Pizziferri, L., Kittler, A., Volk, L., Honour, M., Gupta, S., Wang, S., ... & Bates, D.(2005). Primary care physician time utilization before and after implementation of an electronic health record: a time-motion study. Journal of biomedical informatics, 38(3), 176-188.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2004.11.009.
- Poissant, L., Pereira, J., Tamblyn, R., & Kawasumi, Y. (2005). The impact of electronic health records on time efficiency of physicians and nurses: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 12(5), 505-516.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1700.
- Poon, E., Keohane, C., Bane, A., Featherstone, E., Hays, B., Dervan, A., ... & Gandhi, T.(2008). Impact of barcode medication administration technology on how nurses spend their time providing patient care. Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(12), 541-549.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e31818ebf1c.
- Prenner, J., Halperin, L., Rycroft, C., Hogue, S., Liu, Z., & Seibert, R. (2015). Disease burden in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration: findings from a time-and-motion study. American journal of ophthalmology, 160(4), 725-731.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.06.023.
- Puvanasvaran, A., Mei, C., & Alagendran, V. (2013). Overall equipment efficiency improvement using time study in an aerospace industry. Procedia Engineering, 68, 271-277.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.179.
- Qian, S., Yu, P., Zhang, Z., Hailey, D., Davy, P., & Nelson, M. (2012). The work pattern of personal care workers in two Australian nursing homes: a time-motion study. BMC health services research, 12(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-305.
- Qian, S., Yu, P., Hailey, D., Zhang, Z., Davy, P., & Nelson, M. (2014). Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study. Australian Health Review, 38(2), 230-237.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13161.
- Quach, S., Hamid, J., Pereira, J., Heidebrecht, C., Foisy, J., Bettinger, J., ... & Finkelstein, M. (2011). Time and motion study to compare electronic and hybrid data collection systems during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccination campaign. Vaccine, 29(10), 1997-2003. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.016.
- Rebmann, T., Clements, B., Bailey, J., & Evans, R.(2009). Organophosphate antidote auto-injectors vs. traditional administration: a time motion study. The Journal of emergency medicine, 37(2), 139-143.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.09.043.
- Robledo, S., Osorio, G., & Lopez, C. (2015). Networking en pequeña empresa: una revisión bibliográfica utilizando la teoría de grafos. Vínculos, 11(2), 6-16.
- Roman, C., Poole, S., Walker, C., & Dooley, M. (2016). A ‘time and motion’evaluation of automated dispensing machines in the emergency department. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 19(2), 112-117. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2016.01.004.
- Rothberg, M., Steele, J., Wheeler, J., Arora, A., Priya, A., & Lindenauer, P.(2012). The relationship between time spent communicating and communication outcomes on a hospital medicine service. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(2), 185-189.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1857-8.
- Rudkin, S., Langdorf, M., Macias, D., Oman, J., & Kazzi, A.(2006). Personal digital assistants change management more often than paper texts and foster patient confidence. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(2), 92-96.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mej.0000192049.04729.0c.
- Rudkin, S., & O’Donoghue, P.(2008). Time-motion analysis of first-class cricket fielding. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(6), 604-607. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.08.004
- Russell, R., & Taylor, B.(2003). Operations management. Vol.3. Jersey New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Saurman, E., Lyle, D., Kirby, S., & Roberts, R. (2014). Assessing Program Efficiency: A Time and Motion Study of the Mental Health Emergency Care—Rural Access Program in NSW Australia. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(8), 7678-7689.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110807678.
- Schofield, B., Cresswel, K., Westbrook, J., Slee, A., Girling, A., Shah, S., ... & Sheikh, A. (2015). The impact of electronic prescribing systems on pharmacists’ time and workflow: protocol for a time-and-motion study in English NHS hospitals. BMJ open, 5(10), e008785.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008785.
- Shabbir, S., Ahmed, L., Sudhir, R., Scholl, J., Li, Y., & Liou, D. (2010). Comparison of documentation time between an electronic and a paper-based record system by optometrists at an eye hospital in south India: A time–motion study. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 100(3), 283-288.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2010.04.003.
- Shinder, G., Paradis, P., Posman, M., Mishagina, N., Guay, M., Linardos, D., & Batist, G. (2012). Patient and work flow and costs associated with staff time and facility usage at a comprehensive cancer centre in Quebec, Canada–a time and motion study. BMC health services research, 12(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-370.
- Spinelli, R., & Visser, R.(2009). Analyzing and estimating delays in wood chipping operations. Biomass and bioenergy, 33(3), 429-433.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.08.003.
- Starmer, A., Destino, L., Yoon, C., & Landrigan, C. (2015). Intern and Resident Workflow Patterns on Pediatric Inpatient Units: A Multicenter Time-Motion Study. JAMA pediatrics, 169(12), 1175-1177.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2471.
- Suh, D., Powers, C., Barone, J., Shin, H., Kwon, J., & Goodin, S. (2010). Full costs of dispensing and administering fluorouracil chemotherapy for outpatients: A microcosting study. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 6(3), 246-256.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2009.07.004.
- Tanner, J. (1990). Manufacturing Engineering: An Introduction to the Basic Functions, Revised and expanded (Vol. 36). CRC Press.
- Tinoco, H., Ovalle, A., Vargas, C., & Cardona, M. (2015). An automated time and hand motion analysis based on planar motion capture extended to a virtual environment. Journal of Industrial Engineering International, 11(3), 391-402.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40092-015-0107-9.
- Tipping, M., Forth, V., O'Leary, K., Malkenson, D. M., Magill, D., Englert, K., & Williams, M. (2010). Where did the day go?—A time‐motion study of hospitalists. Journal of hospital medicine, 5(6), 323-328. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhm.790.
- Thorpe-Jamison, P., Culley, C., Perera, S., & Handler, S. (2013). Evaluating the impact of computer-generated rounding reports on physician workflow in the nursing home: A feasibility time-motion study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(5), 358-362. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2012.11.008.
- Torres, P; Perez,A; Marmolejo,L; Ordoñez,J ; Garcia,R (2010) Una mirada a la agroindustria de extracción de almidón de yuca,desde la estandarización de procesos.RevistaEIA,Nùmero 14,p.23-38.
- Tuinman, A., de Greef, M., Krijnen, W., Nieweg, R., & Roodbol, P. (2015). Examining Time Use of Dutch Nursing Staff in Long-Term Institutional Care: A Time-Motion Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(2), 148-154.
- DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.09.002.
- Turner, W. (1993). Introduction to industrial and systems engineering. New Jersey. Pearson College Division.
- Van Oostveen, C., Vermeulen, H., Gouma, D., Bakker, P., & Ubbink, D.(2013). Explaining the amount of care needed by hospitalised surgical patients: a prospective time and motion study. BMC health services research, 13(1), 1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-42.
- Van Oostveen, C., Gouma, D., Bakker, P., & Ubbink, D. (2015). Quantifying the demand for hospital care services: a time and motion study. BMC health services research, 15(1), 1.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-014-0674-2.
- Victores, A., Coggins, K., & Takashima, M. (2015). Electronic health records and resident workflow: A time‐motion study of otolaryngology residents. The Laryngoscope, 125(3), 594-598.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24848.
- Vonderembse, M., & White, G. (2003). Core concepts of operations management. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Wanyenze, R., Wagner, G., Alamo, S., Amanyire, G., Ouma, J., Kwarisima, D., ... & Kamya, M. (2010). Evaluation of the efficiency of patient flow at three HIV clinics in Uganda. AIDS patient care and STDs, 24(7), 441-446.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2009.0328.
- Weigl, M., Müller, A., Zupanc, A., & Angerer, P. (2009). Participant observation of time allocation, direct patient contact and simultaneous activities in hospital physicians. BMC health services research, 9(1), 1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-9-110.
- Weigl, M., Müller, A., Sevdalis, N., & Angerer, P. (2013). Relationships of multitasking, physicians’ strain, and performance: an observational study in ward physicians. Journal of patient safety, 9(1), 18-23.
- Were, M., Emenyonu, N., Achieng, M., Shen, C., Ssali, J., Masaba, J., & Tierney, W. (2010). Evaluating a scalable model for implementing electronic health records in resource-limited settings. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 17(3), 237-244.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2009.002303.
- Westbrook, J., & Ampt, A. (2009).Design, application and testing of the Work Observation Method by Activity Timing (WOMBAT) to measure clinicians’ patterns of work and communication. International journal of medical informatics, 78, S25-S33.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.09.003.
- Westbrook, J., Coiera, E., Dunsmuir, W., Brown, B., Kelk, N., Paoloni, R., & Tran, C. (2010). The impact of interruptions on clinical task completion. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 19(4), 284-289.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2009.039255.
- Westbrook, J., Li, L., Georgiou, A., Paoloni, R., & Cullen, J. (2013). Impact of an electronic medication management system on hospital doctors' and nurses' work: a controlled pre–post, time and motion study. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(6), 1150-1158. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001414.
- Wiedenmayer, K., Weiss, S., Chattopadhyay, C., Mukherjee, A., Kundu, R., Ayé, R., ... & Tanner, M. (2009). Simplifying paediatric immunization with a fully liquid DTP–HepB–Hib combination vaccine: Evidence from a comparative time-motion study in India. Vaccine, 27(5), 655-659.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.045
- Wong, R., & Bradley, E. (2009). Developing patient registration and medical records management system in Ethiopia. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 21(4), 253-258.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzp026.
- Wygant, R. (1989). A comparison of computerized predetermined time systems. Computers & industrial engineering, 17(1), 480-485.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(89)90109-5.
- Shuang, W,. Wang, Y., BolaBola, J., Qin, H., Ding, W., Wen, W., & Niu, J. (2016). Incorporating motion analysis technology into modular arrangement of predetermined time standard (MODAPTS). International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 53, 291-298.
- DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.03.001.
- Yusoff, N., Jaffar, A., Abbas, N., & Saad, N. (2012). Work measurement for process improvement in the car seat polyurethane injection manufacturing line. Procedia Engineering, 41, 1800-1805.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.386.
- Zheng, K., Guo, M., & Hanauer, D. (2011). Using the time and motion method to study clinical work processes and workflow: methodological inconsistencies and a call for standardized research. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 18(5), 704-710. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000083.