The Leadership of the United States and China in Global Value Chains
- Alejandro Molina-Vargas
, - Isaí Contreras-Álvarez,
- Carlos Gómez-Chiñas
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the participation and position of the United States and China in global value chains during the period 1995-2020. For this, the methodology proposed by Koopman et al. (2014) is used, who suggest some more reliable indicators to measure the value contributed by a given country in global value chains. The results show that from 1995 to 2014, China was characterized as a more backward-oriented economy participating in global value chains, due to its predominant role as an assembly and manufacturing country, which brought with it a high flow of imports of raw materials and technological components from other economies to incorporate them into the production of final goods. This trend seems to be reversing starting in 2015, as there is a growing forward participation in global value chains, which warns of a strong threat to the United States, which usually maintains a strong forward participation, that is, a leadership position in the creation of high value added through product design and technological innovation, inputs that are essential for global production, which in turn gives it great influence and leadership in the world economy.
Keywords
leadership in the creation of added value, protectionism, fragmentation of international production, global value chains, United States of America, China
Author Biography
Alejandro Molina-Vargas
Doctor en Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Estancia Posdoctoral Académica CONAHCYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana,
Isaí Contreras-Álvarez
Doctor en Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Profesor-Investigador de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Centro Universitario Valle de México,
Carlos Gómez-Chiñas
Doctor en Ciencias Económicas por el Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Profesor-Investigador de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
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