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Vol. 20 No. 1 (2023)

PAPERS

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Severity of Foliar Disease of Three Commercial Hybrids and Five Advanced Triple Hybrids of Hard Yellow Maize

https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v20.n1.2023.15544

Published 2023-01-01

  • Ruth Angélica Cabascango-Paucar
    • ,
  • William Mauricio Valverde-Pérez
    • ,
  • Carlos Bolaños-Carriel
    • ,
  • Julio César Basurto-Zambrano
    • ,
  • Erwin Alexander García-Calderón

Ruth Angélica Cabascango-Paucar
Judiciary Council, Quito

William Mauricio Valverde-Pérez
Central University of Ecuador, Quito

Carlos Bolaños-Carriel
Central University of Ecuador, Quito; Instituto Superior Tecnológico Superarse, Rumiñahui

Julio César Basurto-Zambrano
Labor Ministry, Quito

Erwin Alexander García-Calderón
Agricultural Consultant, Rumiñahui

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate agronomic traits and response to foliar fungal diseases of five advanced triple hybrids of hard yellow maize (Zea mays L.) and three commercial hybrids. An A × B factorial experiment with eight treatments, four repetitions and the Tukey test was used to compare means of the treatments (P>0.05). The most limiting disease is rust. The agronomic characteristics of breeding lines: h1, h2, h3, h4 and h5 (triple hybrids) were evaluated and compared with h6, h7, and h8 (commercial hybrids). Field trials were conducted in two locations of Central Coast of Ecuador (Quevedo & Balzar). Both locations showed significant differences for agronomic traits; Balzar presented lower yield (6,205.46 kg ha-1) and greater severity of curvularia leaf spot (3.34 CIMMYT scale) compared to Quevedo (7,368.21 kg ha-1 and 2.47 CIMMYT scale). For hybrids, h6 had significantly lower yield (5,306.83 kg ha-1), compared to h5 (6,914.09 kg ha-1), h1 (7,211.80 kg ha-1), h3 (7,266.83 kg ha-1), and h8 (8,036.85 kg ha-1). Significant differences were also detected for the orthogonal comparison (INIAP hybrids) with 5,634.44 kg ha-1 and the promissory lines with 6,997.68 kg ha-1. The highest net profit was achieved with the hybrid h2 with USD 1,405.76 followed by the hybrid h1 with USD 1,385,92, obtaining a Benefit-Cost ratio of 2.32 and 2.30 respectively, which indicates that for each monetary unit invested, an additional USD 1.32 and 1.30 of profit was obtained for the two hybrids, respectively.

Keywords

Breeding plant, Yield, Disease resistance, New cultivars, Zea mays L., Ecuador

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References

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