Evaluation of agronomic traits and severity of foliar disease of three commercial hybrids and five advanced triple hybrids of hard yellow maize

Ruth Angélica Cabascango-Paucar; William Mauricio Valverde-Pérez; Carlos Bolaños-Carriel; Julio César Basurto-Zambrano; Erwin Alexander García-Calderón

doi:10.19053/01228420.v20.n1.2023.15544

Authors

Ruth Angélica Cabascango-Paucar Judiciary Council, Quito https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2192-4042
William Mauricio Valverde-Pérez Central University of Ecuador, Quito https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-4902
Carlos Bolaños-Carriel Central University of Ecuador, Quito; Instituto Superior Tecnológico Superarse, Rumiñahui
Julio César Basurto-Zambrano Labor Ministry, Quito
Erwin Alexander García-Calderón Agricultural Consultant, Rumiñahui

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v20.n1.2023.15544

Keywords:

Breeding plant, Yield, Disease resistance, Cultivars new, Zea mays L., Ecuador

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate agronomic traits and response to foliar fungal diseases of five advanced triple hybrids of hard yellow maize (Zea mays L.) and three commercial hybrids. An A × B factorial experiment was used with eight treatments, four repetitions and the Tukey test to compare means of the treatments (P>0.05). The most limiting disease is rust. The agronomic characteristics of breeding lines: h1, h2, h3, h4 and h5 (triple hybrids) were evaluated and compared with h6, h7, and h8 (commercial hybrids). Field trials were conducted in two locations of Central Coast of Ecuador (Quevedo and Balzar). Both locations showed significant differences for agronomic traits; Balzar presented lower yield (6,205.46 kg ha^-1) and greater severity of curvularia leaf spot (3.34 CIMMYT scale) compared to Quevedo (7,368.21 kg ha^-1) and (2.47 CIMMYT scale). For hybrids, h6 had significantly lower yield (5,306.83 kg ha^-1), compared to h5 (6,914.09 kg ha^-1), h1 (7211, 80 kg ha^-1), and h3 (7,266.83 kg ha^-1), and h8 (8036.85 kg ha^-1). Significant differences were also detected for the orthogonal comparison (INIAP hybrids) with 5,634.44 kg ha^-1 and the promissory lines with 6,997.68 kg ha^-1. The highest net profit was achieved with the hybrid h2 with US$1,405.76 followed by the hybrid h1 with US$1,385,92, obtaining a Benefit - Cost ratio of 2.32 and 2.30 respectively, which indicates that for each monetary unit invested $ 1.32 and 1.30 additional or profit was obtained for the two hybrids, respectively.

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