WATER QUALITY INDICES IN MÉXICO AND COLOMBIA. EVOLUTION, CRITERIA AND CHALLENGES

Resumen

El Índice de Calidad del Agua (WQI) es una herramienta simple y fácil de entender para analizar y reportar tendencias de calidad. La calidad del agua no es estática y depende de múltiples factores, por lo que se han desarrollado varios índices a nivel mundial teniendo en cuenta los criterios locales de calidad del agua. Este documento explora y analiza los pasos
de evaluación de la calidad del agua basados en los modelos de índices ampliamente utilizados en el mundo. Estos pasos incluyen la selección de los parámetros, la generación de subíndices, las ponderaciones de los parámetros y la agregación de subíndices. Se identificaron las ventajas y desventajas de cada índice y se detectaron las principales limitaciones que surgen en el cálculo de las diferentes metodologías. Estas limitaciones son la subjetividad en la selección y ponderación de los parámetros y la ambigüedad y enmascarado en la etapa de agregación. Las herramientas metodológicas objetivas para resolver estas limitaciones consideran el uso de técnicas estadísticas y de lógica difusa. El CCMEWQI se identifica como un índice de calidad del agua versátil ya que permite determinar las condiciones temporales y espaciales para los diferentes usos de manera específica, cumpliendo con la normativa, y con base en el análisis de los datos de seguimiento de cada región.

Palabras clave

Agregación, parámetros, calidad, agua superficial, uso del agua, WQI

Biografía del autor/a

Ana Patricia Gaytán-Alarcón

Es profesora en el Instituto Tecnológico del Valle del Guadiana (ITVG), Durango, Dgo., México.

Candidato a Doctor del Doctorado en Ciencias en Conservación del Patrimonio Paisajístico por el Centro Interdisciplinario De Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Durango.

Maestra en Sistemas ambientales por el Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. (ITD-UPIDET), Durango.

María del Socorro González-Elizondo

Es profesora-investigadora en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Durango Dgo., México.

Bióloga (UANL), Maestría y Doctorado del Instituto Politécnico Nacional.

Su trabajo se enfoca a la florística y la vegetación del norte de México.

Coautora de siete libros y más de 140 artículos científicos.

Editora asociada en Forest Ecosystems y Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad.

Premio al Mérito Ecológico en México (2014). Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, Academia Nacional de Ciencias Forestales y Society of Wetland Scientists, entre otras.

Inés Vergara Gómez

Las áreas de investigación de la profesora Vergara incluyen temas de Hidrología Superficial y
Subterránea. Ha colaborado en varios proyectos de investigación en hidrogeología con el grupo de
Ingeniería Geológica UPTC y asesora el capítulo estudiantil de la ACH; ha participado en estudios
desarrollados por la Universidad para entidades públicas y privadas relacionados con aguas
subterráneas. Como profesional ha trabajado durante más de 25 años en el sector privado y
público, alternando con la cátedra universitaria.

Mercedes Díaz Lagos

Las áreas de interés de la profesora Mercedes Díaz Lagos incluyen la Física, Fisicoquímica y Ciencia de Materiales, específicamente en temas relacionados con: Sistemas de baja dimensionalidad, nanoestructuras, superficies y recubrimientos, coloides e interfaces, caracterización de Materiales: recursos minero energéticos y materiales industriales, metales pesados en diversas matrices: remediación ambiental. Es de resaltar, la vinculación como miembro fundador de la Red NanoColombia. Cuenta con experiencia laboral en investigación y docencia en Física, experiencia en el manejo de diversas técnicas de crecimiento y de caracterización de materiales. Actualmente se desempeña como Directora del Centro de Gestión de Investigación y Extensión, CIFAS de la Facultad Seccional Sogamoso.

María Teresa Alarcón Herrera

Actualmente funge como Profesora-Investigadora en el Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Sede Durango, Dgo., México. SNI-II dentro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores.

Cuenta con Maestría (UNAM, México) y Doctorado en Ingeniería Ambiental (University of Windsor, Canadá), Líneas de Investigación:  Ingeniería Ambiental, Calidad del Agua, Procesos de tratamiento, Soluciones basadas en la Naturaleza, Fitorremediacion, Caracterización y restauración de sitios contaminados. Además, es Coautora de siete libros y más de 100 artículos científicos en revistas indexadas.

Editora Asociada en el Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, ICE

Directora del CIMAV-Durango 2014-2017; Profesora Invitada Catedra México-Toulouse, Francia (2012 y 2019); Premio Estatal, Destacada Científica Chihuahuense (2010).

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