Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019: diagnostico por el laboratorio
Resumen
La enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019, (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19), es causada por el Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo o Grave 2 (severe respiratory acute syndrome 2, SARS-CoV-2). Para su diagnóstico existen tres tipos de pruebas: las basadas en la detección del virus (RNA o antígeno viral), en la detección de antígenos y las que detectan anticuerpos. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa en tiempo real (rRT-PCR) detecta el material genético (ARN) del virus, es el estándar de referencia para diagnóstico de COVID-19; las pruebas que detectan antígenos (proteínas del virus) pueden ser útiles como criterio para confirmar que el virus está presente en el momento en que se toma la muestra y las que detectan anticuerpos (IgM/IgG) indican que se ha tenido un contacto previo con el virus. Los exámenes de laboratorio se utilizan como ayuda diagnostica y muestran hallazgos que pueden hacer sospechar de COVID-19.
Palabras clave
COVID-19, coronavirus, diagnóstico, técnicas, exámenes
Citas
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