Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico y Recomendación, su aplicación y utilidad en la agricultura. Una Revisión
- Jorge Enrique Villamil Carvajal
, - Edwin Orlando Pineda Álvarez,
- Marco Cabezas Gutiérrez
Resumen
El equilibrio de nutrientes determina el rendimiento y calidad de los cultivos. El Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico y Recomendación-DRIS propone un análisis holístico sobre la base de la interrelación entre nutrientes, compara las proporciones de los elementos minerales de los cultivos con valores óptimos conocidos como normas DRIS e identifica desequilibrios, deficiencias y/o excesos en los nutrientes de la planta para clasificarlos por orden de importancia. Existen trabajos de revisión científica orientados al desarrollo de propuestas metodológicas para obtención de las normas DRIS en diversos cultivos y el cálculo de sus respectivos índices, pero, estos no dilucidan las funcionalidades reales de este sistema de diagnóstico; por lo tanto, la siguiente revisión tiene como objetivo, dar a conocer las aplicaciones y utilidades del DRIS en la agricultura a nivel mundial desarrolladas durante los últimos 10 años. Considerando lo anteriormente expuesto los estudios científicos sugieren: balance de nutrientes en tejido foliar y suelo, dinámica de elementos minerales según etapa fenológica, niveles críticos y rangos de suficiencia, relación suelo-planta, balance nutricional por uso de fertilizantes y abonos verdes, variabilidad espacial y DRIS, translocación de metales pesados, nutrición e incidencia de problemas fitosanitarios, fitotoxicidad en plantas irrigadas con aguas residuales de riego agrícola, Rangos de Suficiencia en tejido foliar bajo condiciones salinas, análisis de savia y normas DRIS en semillas. El DRIS es una herramienta para el diagnóstico nutricional, susceptible de validación en los sistemas agrícolas a nivel mundial.
Palabras clave
DRIS, Diagnóstico Nutricional, Nutrición Mineral, Dinámica Nutricional, Nutrición De Cultivos
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