Estimation of physiological parameters on high density plantations and population arrangements of Musa AAA Simmonds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2020v14i3.11235Keywords:
Gas exchange, Tropical fruits, Water relations, Agronomic management, Fruit qualityAbstract
In Uraba, Antioquia (Colombia), there is a shortage of first-semester fruits and a surplus of second-semester fruits as a result of low or high precipitation, respectively, affecting the value of production. An experiment was established during 2015-2016 in an area representative of the region in order to determine the field distribution and plantation density that maximize the agronomic potential of Musa AAA Simmonds cv. Williams. The population arrangement treatments (rectangle, triangle and double row), planting densities (2,000; 2,500, 3,000 and 3,500 plants/ha) and one control (1,700 plants/ha in a triangle) were evaluated in a complete, random block design with three repetitions. In the phenological phases of floral differentiation, flowering and harvest, the gas exchange was quantified with measurements of the photosynthesis rate, internal CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit, and water use efficiency. The leaf temperature, quantum photosynthesis efficiency and efficient use of radiation were also considered. The yield components and fruit quality were estimated with fruit mass, number of hands, number of fruits, length of the last hand and degree of the second and last hand. The results showed that the density 2,500 plants/ha, distributed in a triangle or double row, promoted the best use of the climate elements associated with photosynthetic activity under the environmental conditions of Uraba, Antioquia.
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References
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Barrera, J., J. Cartagena, and O. Nanclares. 2020. Influence of high planting densities and arrangements on yield and fruit development of Musa AAA Simmonds. Acta Agron. 69(1), 46-53. Doi: 10.15446/acag.v69n1.79834
Benson, A. 2013. Influence of number of sucker per plant on the growth, yield and yield components of plantain (Musa sp.) in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Agric. Sci. Res. J. 3(2), 45-49.
Cayón, G. 2001. Evolución de la fotosíntesis, transpiración y clorofila durante
el desarrollo de la hoja de plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds). Infomusa 10(1), 12-15.
Cayón, G. 2004. Ecofisiología y productividad del plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds). pp. 172-183. In: Proc. XVI Reunión de la Asociación para la Cooperación en Investigaciones de Banano en el Caribe y en América Tropical. ACORBAT, Oaxaca, México.
Cayón, G., J.A. Valencia, H. Morales, and A. Domínguez. 2004. Desarrollo y producción del plátano Dominico-Hartón (Musa AAB Simmonds) en diferentes densidades y arreglos de siembra. Agron. Colomb. 22(1), 18-22.
Coelho, E., E. da Costa, C. da Silva, and S. de Oliveira. 2006. Produtividade e eficiência do uso de água das bananeiras ‘Prata Anã’ e ‘Grand Naine’ sob irrigação no terceiro ciclo no Norte de Minas Gerais. Irriga 11(4), 460-468. Doi: 10.15809/irriga.2006v11n4p460-468
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Hermida-Carrera, C., M.V. Kapralov, and J. Galmés. 2016. Rubisco catalytic properties and temperature response in crops. Plant Physiol. 171(4), 2549-256. Doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01846
Huntingford, C., D. Mark, W. Davies, R. Falk, R. Sitch, and L. Mercado. 2015. Combining the [ABA] and net photosynthesis-based model equations of stomatal conductance. Ecol. Model. 300, 81-88. Doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.01.005
IGAC, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. 2007. Estudio semidetallado de los suelos de las áreas potencialmente agrícolas: Urabá, departamento de Antioquia. Bogota.
Jaramillo, C., M. Oliva, and R. Ferreira. 2009. Respuesta fotosintética de diferentes ecotipos de fríjol a la radiación y la salinidad. Corpoica Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecu. 10(2), 129-140. Doi: 10.21930/rcta.vol10_num2_art:135
Landsberg, J. and R. Waring. 2017. Water relations in tree physiology: where to from here? Tree Physiol. 37(1), 18-32. Doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpw102
Lanuakum, G., I. Yepthomi, and C. Maiti. 2015. Effect of radiation interception and canopy temperature on growth, yield and quality in banana cv. Grande naine (AAA) under different planting densities. J. Hortic. Sci. 10(2), 172-176.
Lawson, T. and M.R. Blatt. 2014. Stomatal size, speed, and responsiveness impact on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Plant Physiol. 1664, 1556-1570. Doi: 10.1104/pp.114.237107
Liu, X., H. Zhang, J. Wang, X. Wu, S. Ma, Z. Xu, T. Zhou, N. Xu, X. Tang, and B. An. 2019. Increased CO2 concentrations increasing water use efficiency and improvement PSII function of mulberry seedling leaves under drought stress. J. Plant Interact. 14(1), 213-223. Doi: 10.1080/17429145.2019.1603405
Magnabosco, F. and F. Cardin. 2018. A qualitative dynamic picture of the chemical kinetics for photosynthesis. Atti Accad. Pelorit. Pericol. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 96, S3, A5.
Parry, M., P.J. Andralojc, J.C. Scales, M.E. Salvucci, A.E. Carmo-Silva, H. Alonso, and S.M. Whitney. 2013. Rubisco activity and regulation as targets for crop improvement. J. Exp. Bot. 64(3), 717-730. Doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers336
Patil, P., P. Biradar, A. Bhagawathi, and I. Hejjegar. 2018. A review on leaf area index of horticulture crops and its importance. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(4), 505-513. Doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.059
Qaderi, M.M., A.B. Martel, and S.L. Dixon. 2019. Environmental factors influence plant vascular system and water regulation. Plants 8(65), 1-23. Doi: 10.3390/plants8030065
Ramirez, J., A. Jarvis, I. Van den Bergh, C. Staver, and D. Turner. 2011. Changing climates, effects on growing and plantain (Musa spp.) and possible responses. pp. 426-438. In: Yadav, S., R. Redden, J. Hartfield, H. Lotze-Campen, and A. Hall (eds). Crop adaptation to climate change. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK. Doi: 10.1002/9780470960929.ch29
Ravi, I., S. Uma, M. Vaganan, and M. Mustaffa. 2013. Phenotyping bananas for drought resistance. Front. Physiol. 4, 1-9. Doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00009
Robinson, J. and V. Galán. 2010. Bananas and plantains. CABI, London. Doi: 10.1079/9781845936587.0000
Rocha, M., S. Rodrigues, A. Arantes, E. Coelho, and P. de Oliveira. 2017. Gas exchange in ‘BRS Princesa’ banana (Musa spp.) under partial rootzone drying irrigation in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Acta Agron. 66(3), 378-384. Doi: 10.15446/acag.v66n3.55056
Rocha, P., S. Rodrigues, A. Rebouças, and R. Carriello. 2018. Gas exchange and yield of Prata-type banana plants with fertilizer sources for organic management. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 13(5), 272-280. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR2017.12896
Rodríguez, W., J. Araya, and L. Pérez. 2007. Efecto del arreglo espacial y la densidad de siembra sobre la estructura y eficiencia del dosel, el crecimiento y la producción del banano (Musa AAA cv. Willians). Corbana 33(60), 1-14.
Runkle, E. 2015. Interactions of light, CO2 and temperature on photosynthesis. In: Michigan State University. Extension Floriculture Team, https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/resources/pdfs/light-co2-and-temp.pdf; consulted: December, 2019.
Santos, A., E. Amorim, C. Ferreira, and C.P. Pirovani. 2018. Water stress in Musa spp.: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 13(12), 1-17. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208052
Santos, R., L.W. Pacheco, S. Costa, N. Machado, P.C. de Mello Farias, C. Rombaldi, and A. Costa de Oliveira. 2015. Genetic regulation and the impact of omics in fruit ripening. Plant Omics 8(2), 78-88.
Santosh, D., K. Tiwari, and R. Gopala. 2017. Banana bunch covers for quality banana production - A Review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 6(7), 1275-129. Doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.155
Senevirathna, A., C. Stirling, and V. Rodrigo. 2008. Acclimation of photosynthesis and growth of banana (Musa sp.) to natural shade in the humid tropics. Exp. Agric. 44(3), 301-312. Doi: 10.1017/S0014479708006364
Siles, P., O. Bustamante, E. Valdivia, J. Burkhardt, and C. Staver. 2013. Photosynthetic performance of banana (‘Gros Michel’, AAA) under a natural shade gradient. Acta Hortic. 986, 71-77. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.986.5
Smith, E., M. Velásquez, L. Zuluaga, and J. Valerin. 2010. Efecto de la densidad de población sobre el crecimiento y producción de plantas en primera generación de banano dátil (Musa AA). Agron. Costarr. 34(1), 77-83. Doi: 10.15517/rac.v34i1.6701
Solarte, M., L. Pérez, and L. Melgarejo. 2010. Ecofisiología vegetal. pp. 137-166. In: Melgarejo, L. (ed.). Experimentos en fisiología vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.
Surendar, K., D. Devi, P. Jeyakumar, K. Velayudham, and I. Ravi. 2015. Changes in proline and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity in some banana cultivars and hybrids under water stress. Genom. Appl. Biol. 6(4), 1-6. Doi: 10.5376/gab.2015.06.0004
Thippesha, D., V. Srinivas, B. Sriharsha, G. Janardhan, and B. Mahanthesh. 2008. Effect of planting systems, spacing and nutrition on dry matter production on distribution in banana cv. Robusta. Asian J. Hortic. 3(2), 297-300.
Toro, A., R. Ortega, M. Vázquez, and L. Ibáñez. 2016. Requerimientos de riego y predicción del rendimiento en el cultivo de banano mediante un modelo de simulación en el Urabá antioqueño, Colombia. Rev. Tecnol. Cienc. Agua 7(6), 105-122.
Torres, J. 2016. Absorción, distribución y acumulación de nitrógeno en banano variedad Williams en dos ciclos de producción en zona húmeda tropical. PhD thesis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.
Turner, D., J. Fortescue, and D. Tomas. 2007. Environmental physiology of the bananas (Musa spp). Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 19(4), 463-484. Doi: 10.1590/S1677-04202007000400013
Turner, D., J. Fortescue, and D. Thomas. 2009. Bananas: Environment and crop physiology. pp. 1-30. In: DaMatta, F. (ed). Ecophysiology of tropical tree crops. Nova Science Publishers, New York, NY.
Urban, J., M. Ingwers, M. McGuire, and R. Teskey. 2017. Stomatal conductance increases with rising temperature. Plant Signal. Behav. 12(8), e1356534. Doi: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1356534
Vargas, A. and J. Sandoval. 2005. Evaluación agronómica, de producción y de calidad de Yangambi (AAA) y Dátil (AA). InfoMusa 14(1), 6-10.
Vargas-Calvo, A., P. Chinchilla-Acuña, and H. Valle-Ruiz. 2015. La emisión foliar en plátano y su relación con la diferenciación floral. Agron. Mesoam. 26(1), 119-128. Doi: 10.15517/am.v26i1.16935
Arantes, A., S. Rodrigues, E. De Siqueira, Coelho, and T. Silva. 2016. Gas exchange in different varieties of banana prata in semi-arid environment. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 38(2), 1-12. Doi: 10.1590/0100-29452016600
Athani, S., I. Revanappa, and P.R. Dharmatti. 2009. Effect of plant density on growth and yield in banana. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 22(1), 143-146.
AUGURA, Asociación de Bananeros de Colombia. 2017. Coyuntura bananera colombiana. Unidad de Estadística y Análisis Económico. Medellin, Colombia.
AUGURA, Asociación de Bananeros de Colombia. 2018. Coyuntura bananera colombiana. Unidad de Estadística y Análisis Económico. Departamento de Sistemas. Medellin, Colombia.
Barrera, J., J. Cartagena, and O. Nanclares. 2020. Influence of high planting densities and arrangements on yield and fruit development of Musa AAA Simmonds. Acta Agron. 69(1), 46-53. Doi: 10.15446/acag.v69n1.79834
Benson, A. 2013. Influence of number of sucker per plant on the growth, yield and yield components of plantain (Musa sp.) in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Agric. Sci. Res. J. 3(2), 45-49.
Cayón, G. 2001. Evolución de la fotosíntesis, transpiración y clorofila durante
el desarrollo de la hoja de plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds). Infomusa 10(1), 12-15.
Cayón, G. 2004. Ecofisiología y productividad del plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds). pp. 172-183. In: Proc. XVI Reunión de la Asociación para la Cooperación en Investigaciones de Banano en el Caribe y en América Tropical. ACORBAT, Oaxaca, México.
Cayón, G., J.A. Valencia, H. Morales, and A. Domínguez. 2004. Desarrollo y producción del plátano Dominico-Hartón (Musa AAB Simmonds) en diferentes densidades y arreglos de siembra. Agron. Colomb. 22(1), 18-22.
Coelho, E., E. da Costa, C. da Silva, and S. de Oliveira. 2006. Produtividade e eficiência do uso de água das bananeiras ‘Prata Anã’ e ‘Grand Naine’ sob irrigação no terceiro ciclo no Norte de Minas Gerais. Irriga 11(4), 460-468. Doi: 10.15809/irriga.2006v11n4p460-468
Eckstein, K. and J.C. Robinson. 1995. Physiological responses of banana (Musa AAA; Cavendish subgroup) in the subtropics. (I) Influence of internal plant factors on gas exchange of banana leaves. J. Hortic. Sci. 70, 147-156. Doi: 10.1080/14620316.1995.11515284
Enginneer, C., M. Hashimoto-Sugimoto, J. Negi, M. Israelsson-Nordstrom, T. Azoulay-Shemer, W.J. Rappel, K. Iba, and J. Schroeder. 2016. CO2 sensing and CO2 regulation of stomatal conductance: advances and open questions. Trends Plant Sci. 21(1), 16-30. Doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.08.014
FAO. 2020. Banana market review: Preliminary results 2019. Roma.
Galán, V. and J. Robinson. 2013. Fisiología, clima y producción de banano. pp. 43-57. In: Proc. XX Reunião Internacional da Associação para a Cooperação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Integral das Musáceas (Bananas e Plátanos). Fortaleza, Brazil.
Gariglio, N., R. Pilatti, and M. Fonfría. 2007. Requerimientos ecofisiológicos de los árboles frutales. pp. 41-82 In: Sozzi, G.O. (ed.). Árboles frutales. Ecofisiología, cultivo y aprovechamiento. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Hatfield, J.L. and C. Dold. 2019. Water-use efficiency: advances and challenges in a changing climate. Front. Plant Sci. 10, 103. Doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00103
Hermida-Carrera, C., M.V. Kapralov, and J. Galmés. 2016. Rubisco catalytic properties and temperature response in crops. Plant Physiol. 171(4), 2549-256. Doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01846
Huntingford, C., D. Mark, W. Davies, R. Falk, R. Sitch, and L. Mercado. 2015. Combining the [ABA] and net photosynthesis-based model equations of stomatal conductance. Ecol. Model. 300, 81-88. Doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.01.005
IGAC, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. 2007. Estudio semidetallado de los suelos de las áreas potencialmente agrícolas: Urabá, departamento de Antioquia. Bogota.
Jaramillo, C., M. Oliva, and R. Ferreira. 2009. Respuesta fotosintética de diferentes ecotipos de fríjol a la radiación y la salinidad. Corpoica Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecu. 10(2), 129-140. Doi: 10.21930/rcta.vol10_num2_art:135
Landsberg, J. and R. Waring. 2017. Water relations in tree physiology: where to from here? Tree Physiol. 37(1), 18-32. Doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpw102
Lanuakum, G., I. Yepthomi, and C. Maiti. 2015. Effect of radiation interception and canopy temperature on growth, yield and quality in banana cv. Grande naine (AAA) under different planting densities. J. Hortic. Sci. 10(2), 172-176.
Lawson, T. and M.R. Blatt. 2014. Stomatal size, speed, and responsiveness impact on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Plant Physiol. 1664, 1556-1570. Doi: 10.1104/pp.114.237107
Liu, X., H. Zhang, J. Wang, X. Wu, S. Ma, Z. Xu, T. Zhou, N. Xu, X. Tang, and B. An. 2019. Increased CO2 concentrations increasing water use efficiency and improvement PSII function of mulberry seedling leaves under drought stress. J. Plant Interact. 14(1), 213-223. Doi: 10.1080/17429145.2019.1603405
Magnabosco, F. and F. Cardin. 2018. A qualitative dynamic picture of the chemical kinetics for photosynthesis. Atti Accad. Pelorit. Pericol. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 96, S3, A5.
Parry, M., P.J. Andralojc, J.C. Scales, M.E. Salvucci, A.E. Carmo-Silva, H. Alonso, and S.M. Whitney. 2013. Rubisco activity and regulation as targets for crop improvement. J. Exp. Bot. 64(3), 717-730. Doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers336
Patil, P., P. Biradar, A. Bhagawathi, and I. Hejjegar. 2018. A review on leaf area index of horticulture crops and its importance. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(4), 505-513. Doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.059
Qaderi, M.M., A.B. Martel, and S.L. Dixon. 2019. Environmental factors influence plant vascular system and water regulation. Plants 8(65), 1-23. Doi: 10.3390/plants8030065
Ramirez, J., A. Jarvis, I. Van den Bergh, C. Staver, and D. Turner. 2011. Changing climates, effects on growing and plantain (Musa spp.) and possible responses. pp. 426-438. In: Yadav, S., R. Redden, J. Hartfield, H. Lotze-Campen, and A. Hall (eds). Crop adaptation to climate change. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK. Doi: 10.1002/9780470960929.ch29
Ravi, I., S. Uma, M. Vaganan, and M. Mustaffa. 2013. Phenotyping bananas for drought resistance. Front. Physiol. 4, 1-9. Doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00009
Robinson, J. and V. Galán. 2010. Bananas and plantains. CABI, London. Doi: 10.1079/9781845936587.0000
Rocha, M., S. Rodrigues, A. Arantes, E. Coelho, and P. de Oliveira. 2017. Gas exchange in ‘BRS Princesa’ banana (Musa spp.) under partial rootzone drying irrigation in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Acta Agron. 66(3), 378-384. Doi: 10.15446/acag.v66n3.55056
Rocha, P., S. Rodrigues, A. Rebouças, and R. Carriello. 2018. Gas exchange and yield of Prata-type banana plants with fertilizer sources for organic management. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 13(5), 272-280. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR2017.12896
Rodríguez, W., J. Araya, and L. Pérez. 2007. Efecto del arreglo espacial y la densidad de siembra sobre la estructura y eficiencia del dosel, el crecimiento y la producción del banano (Musa AAA cv. Willians). Corbana 33(60), 1-14.
Runkle, E. 2015. Interactions of light, CO2 and temperature on photosynthesis. In: Michigan State University. Extension Floriculture Team, https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/resources/pdfs/light-co2-and-temp.pdf; consulted: December, 2019.
Santos, A., E. Amorim, C. Ferreira, and C.P. Pirovani. 2018. Water stress in Musa spp.: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 13(12), 1-17. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208052
Santos, R., L.W. Pacheco, S. Costa, N. Machado, P.C. de Mello Farias, C. Rombaldi, and A. Costa de Oliveira. 2015. Genetic regulation and the impact of omics in fruit ripening. Plant Omics 8(2), 78-88.
Santosh, D., K. Tiwari, and R. Gopala. 2017. Banana bunch covers for quality banana production - A Review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 6(7), 1275-129. Doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.155
Senevirathna, A., C. Stirling, and V. Rodrigo. 2008. Acclimation of photosynthesis and growth of banana (Musa sp.) to natural shade in the humid tropics. Exp. Agric. 44(3), 301-312. Doi: 10.1017/S0014479708006364
Siles, P., O. Bustamante, E. Valdivia, J. Burkhardt, and C. Staver. 2013. Photosynthetic performance of banana (‘Gros Michel’, AAA) under a natural shade gradient. Acta Hortic. 986, 71-77. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.986.5
Smith, E., M. Velásquez, L. Zuluaga, and J. Valerin. 2010. Efecto de la densidad de población sobre el crecimiento y producción de plantas en primera generación de banano dátil (Musa AA). Agron. Costarr. 34(1), 77-83. Doi: 10.15517/rac.v34i1.6701
Solarte, M., L. Pérez, and L. Melgarejo. 2010. Ecofisiología vegetal. pp. 137-166. In: Melgarejo, L. (ed.). Experimentos en fisiología vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.
Surendar, K., D. Devi, P. Jeyakumar, K. Velayudham, and I. Ravi. 2015. Changes in proline and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity in some banana cultivars and hybrids under water stress. Genom. Appl. Biol. 6(4), 1-6. Doi: 10.5376/gab.2015.06.0004
Thippesha, D., V. Srinivas, B. Sriharsha, G. Janardhan, and B. Mahanthesh. 2008. Effect of planting systems, spacing and nutrition on dry matter production on distribution in banana cv. Robusta. Asian J. Hortic. 3(2), 297-300.
Toro, A., R. Ortega, M. Vázquez, and L. Ibáñez. 2016. Requerimientos de riego y predicción del rendimiento en el cultivo de banano mediante un modelo de simulación en el Urabá antioqueño, Colombia. Rev. Tecnol. Cienc. Agua 7(6), 105-122.
Torres, J. 2016. Absorción, distribución y acumulación de nitrógeno en banano variedad Williams en dos ciclos de producción en zona húmeda tropical. PhD thesis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.
Turner, D., J. Fortescue, and D. Tomas. 2007. Environmental physiology of the bananas (Musa spp). Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 19(4), 463-484. Doi: 10.1590/S1677-04202007000400013
Turner, D., J. Fortescue, and D. Thomas. 2009. Bananas: Environment and crop physiology. pp. 1-30. In: DaMatta, F. (ed). Ecophysiology of tropical tree crops. Nova Science Publishers, New York, NY.
Urban, J., M. Ingwers, M. McGuire, and R. Teskey. 2017. Stomatal conductance increases with rising temperature. Plant Signal. Behav. 12(8), e1356534. Doi: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1356534
Vargas, A. and J. Sandoval. 2005. Evaluación agronómica, de producción y de calidad de Yangambi (AAA) y Dátil (AA). InfoMusa 14(1), 6-10.
Vargas-Calvo, A., P. Chinchilla-Acuña, and H. Valle-Ruiz. 2015. La emisión foliar en plátano y su relación con la diferenciación floral. Agron. Mesoam. 26(1), 119-128. Doi: 10.15517/am.v26i1.16935
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2020-09-01
How to Cite
Barrera-Violeth, J. L., Cartagena-Valenzuela, J. R., & Nanclares-Gómez, O. A. (2020). Estimation of physiological parameters on high density plantations and population arrangements of Musa AAA Simmonds. Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Hortícolas, 14(3), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2020v14i3.11235
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Fruits section
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The copyright of the articles and illustrations are the property of the Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas. The editors authorize the use of the contents under the Creative Commons license Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). The correct citation of the content must explicitly register the name of the journal, name (s) of the author (s), year, title of the article, volume, number, page of the article and DOI. Written permission is required from publishers to publish more than a short summary of the text or figures.
