Composición química volátil del aceite esencial colombiano de Piper gorgonillense Trel. & Yunck. y su actividad repelente y fumigante contra el Tribolium castaneum Herbst
- Beatriz Eugenia Jaramillo-Colorado
, - Flor María Palacio-Herrera,
- Cruz Nayive Pino-Benítez
Resumen
Los aceites esenciales (AEs) son mezclas de compuestos orgánicos volátiles, en su mayoría terpenos, provenientes del metabolismo secundario de las plantas. Estos tienen diversas actividades sobre insectos que dañan las cosechas y producen grandes pérdidas en la economía y la agricultura mundial. El Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), es una de las principales plagas causante de la pérdida de gran cantidad de alimentos almacenados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición química volátil del aceite esencial de Piper gorgonillense Trel. & Yunck. y su actividad repelente y fumigante sobre el T. castaneum. La composición volátil se determinó empleando cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Los compuestos mayoritarios encontrados en el AE fueron b-cariofileno (28.7%), a-copaeno (13.5%), y d-cadinene (7.3%). Los porcentajes de repelencia obtenidos fueron de 78 y 90% a una concentración de 1% con tiempos de exposición de 48 y 72 horas, respectivamente. La actividad fumigante hace referencia a la acción insecticida que tiene el vapor del aceite esencial sin tener contacto directo con los insectos, este fue de 100% a una concentración de 350 µg mL-1. Los resultados mostraron que el AE de P. gorgonillense presentó propiedades repelentes e insecticidas para el control biológico de T. castaneum.
Palabras clave
Aceite esencial de cultivos, Repelencia, Mortalidad, Terpenos, Cromatografía de gases
Citas
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