Sistema gnotobiótico para seleccionar microorganismos con potencial de biocontrol contra Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali
- Diana Garcia
, - Lizeth Lorena Dávila,
- Adriana González,
- Alejandro Caro,
- Alba Marina Cotes
Resumen
La uchuva (Physalis peruviana) es Solanaceae de enorme importancia económica en Colombia ya que es la segunda fruta más exportada después del banano. La marchitez vascular causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Fox) es el factor más limitante de este cultivo, que ocasiona pérdidas de hasta el 80% de su producción. El control biológico se ha convertido en una alternativa prometedora para controlar este patógeno. Bacterias y hongos, originalmente aislados de suelos potencialmente supresores de cultivos de uchuva de Nariño, Colombia con diferente manejo (orgánico y convencional) fueron evaluados como agentes de control de Fox utilizando un modelo gnotobiótico (plántulas cultivadas en condiciones axiológicas con cepas microbianas definidas). A partir de los 64 microorganismos aislados, 37.5% (15 bacterias y nueve hongos) fueron descartados debido a su riesgo toxicológico y a un control biológico potencial desconocido, el 62.5% restante de microorganismos, 14 bacterias y 26 hongos, se evaluaron para evaluar su potencial como agentes de control biológico contra Fox. El sistema de modelos gnotobióticos nos permitió evaluar las características de protección y promoción del crecimiento vegetal, estas variables de respuesta se utilizaron para agrupar el microorganismo utilizando un análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y se obtuvieron cinco clústeres. El clúster número cuatro concentró 10 microorganismos (tres bacterias y siete hongos) con los valores de protección más altos contra Fox y con un efecto positivo en la promoción del crecimiento. Los aislados fueron identificados como dos cepas de Bacillus subtilis, Rhodococcus sp., Podospora setosa, Debaryomyces vindobonensis, Plectosphaerella plurivora, Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae, Umbelopsis sp. y dos cepas de Trichoderma koningiopsis. El sistema gnobiótico presentado ofrece claras ventajas para evaluar y seleccionar microorganismos con un potencial de control biológico contra Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fisalis.
Palabras clave
Control biológico, In vitro, Marchitamiento vascular, Rizósfera, Suelos supresores, Uchuva, Fusarium oxysporum
Citas
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