Caracterización físico-química y capacidad antioxidante de progenies de quinua originarias de Colombia, Brasil y Ecuador producidas en la Sabana Brasileña
Resumen
En la agroindustria, la quinua es considerada un alimento funcional para por sus beneficios para la salud. Sin embargo, es necesario identificar genotipos que proporcionen mejores características fisicoquímicas y alta capacidad antioxidante para la selección en los programas de mejoramiento genético. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la composición fisicoquímica y la capacidad antioxidante de genotipos de quinua originarios de Brasil, Colombia y Ecuador cultivados en condiciones de la Sabana Brasileña (Cerrado). La siembra se llevó a cabo en la Hacienda Agua Limpa de la Facultad de Agronomía y Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de Brasilia, ubicada a 15º56' S y 47º55' O, a una altitud de 1.100 m. El análisis fisicoquímico se realizó en año 2021 en el Centro de Investigación de Alimentos de la Universidad de Passo Fondo, Río Grande do Sul, y el análisis de capacidad antioxidante se realizó en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Se determinó el contenido de humedad, cenizas, proteínas, carbohidratos (CHO), fibra bruta, lípidos y capacidad antioxidante. Los datos originales fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza, mediante la prueba F (P≤0,05), y la comparación de medias por la prueba de Tukey. Se realizarón análisis de correlación lineal (Fischer) (P≤0,01) y (P≤0,05), y análisis de agrupación jerárquico por el método Ward. Los genotipos presentaron variabilidad en las características fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante. Los CHO fueron los compuestos mayoritarios presentes en las semillas, mostrando un promedio de 50,16%, el promedio de proteína fue del 15,27%, con mayores resultados para el genotipo P88 (16,28%). El contenido promedio de lípidos, fibra y cenizas fueron 3,24; 14,13 y 6,0%, respectivamente. Los CHO mostraron una correlación positiva con el parámetro lipídico (r=0,858) y una correlación negativa significativa con la proteína (r=-0,785). El cultivar Aurora expresó una mayor actividad antioxidante (1,96±0,01 mg Trolox/g).
Palabras clave
Proteína, Carbohidratos, Cenizas, Lípidos, Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
Citas
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