Reacciones comunes de Furfural en procesos escalables de Biomasa Residual
Resumen
La energía y el medio ambiente siempre desempeñarán papeles clave en la sociedad. No se puede descartar la emergencia climática para permitir la transición hacia un futuro de energía limpia. Actualmente, los recursos energéticos no renovables están disminuyendo, por lo tanto, es importante explorar continuamente los recursos renovables. La biomasa es un recurso renovable que se puede aplicar para reducir los cambios climáticos y lograr políticas de emisión. La celulosa es el tipo de biomasa más abundante en todo el mundo, que se puede transformar en biocombustibles y moléculas de plataforma de bloques de construcción potenciales (por ejemplo, furfural) a través de métodos biológicos o químicos. El furfural se puede sintetizar a partir de celulosa utilizando reacciones de hidrólisis y deshidratación. Furfural tiene un anillo furano y un grupo funcional carbonilo que lo convierte en un intermediario importante para producir moléculas de mayor valor agregado a nivel industrial. Estas moléculas incluyen gasolina, diesel y combustible para aviones. Sin embargo, el furfural también se puede transformar por hidrogenación, oxidación, descarboxilación y reacciones de condensación. La hidrogenación selectiva de furfural produce alcohol furfurílico, un importante compuesto industrial, que se emplea ampliamente en la producción de resinas y fibras, y se considera un producto esencial para aplicaciones farmacéuticas. Por otro lado, la oxidación del furfural produce ácido furoico que se aplica en la industria agroquímica, donde comúnmente se transforma en cloruro de furoilo que finalmente se usa en la producción de drogas e insecticidas. La oxidación y reducción de furfural puede llevarse a cabo mediante catálisis heterogénea y homogénea, y biocatálisis. La selectividad es un tema importante en las reacciones de hidrogenación y oxidación furfural ya que se pueden obtener diferentes productos usando catalizadores monometálicos o bimetálicos y / o diferentes soportes de catalizador. En el enfoque de biocatálisis, se utilizan diferentes enzimas, células completas, herramientas de biotecnología moderna, secuenciación de ADN, regulación de redes metabólicas, sobreexpresión de genes que codifican enzimas de interés y optimización de las propiedades celulares del microorganismo. Aquí, se ha estudiado una revisión sobre el estado actual de la producción de alcohol furfurílico y ácido furoico a partir de furfural por catálisis y biocatálisis heterogéneas. Se ha señalado la estabilidad, selectividad y actividad de los catalizadores junto con las diferentes condiciones de oxidación y reducción de furfural. Además, también se han discutido las principales enzimas, microorganismos y mecanismos involucrados en el proceso de degradación furfural.Palabras clave
Furfural, Biomasa Residual
Citas
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