Fotocatálisis heterogénea y un proceso biológico anaerobio para el tratamiento de lixiviados
Resumen
La investigación evalúa el tratamiento de lixiviados de vertederos mediante el acoplamiento de fotocatálisis solar TiO2-UV y un proceso biológico anaeróbico (prueba SMA). La fotocatálisis se desarrolla en un Colector Parabólico Compuesto de 0.83 m2 de área, tanque de tratamiento de 20 L y concentración inicial de lixiviados de 400 mg-L−1 DQO; H2O2 (dosis fija 300 mg.L−1) como auxiliar de oxidación y la combinación de diferentes niveles de TiO2 (100, 350, 600 mg.L−1) y pH (3, 6, 9). En el ensayo biológico, para una carga máxima de 4500 mg.L−1 de DQO de lixiviado, 2,0 g.L-1 de SVS de inóculo y un TRH de 23 días, no hubo porcentajes significativos de remoción de DQO, evidenciando el carácter recalcitrante de estos lixiviados. Durante el tratamiento fotocatalítico se presentó una mineralización de 57% COD (100 mg.L−1 TiO2; pH = 3; Energía acumulada = 60 kJ.L−1), lo que evidencia la capacidad del proceso para soportar la carga contaminante del lixiviado. El proceso combinado (AOP-Biológico) permite una mineralización adicional en el proceso biológico en términos de DOC del 21 %, para un aporte total del acoplamiento del 78 %, lo que demuestra la capacidad del AOP para convertir un efluente tóxico en uno con características más adecuadas para su posterior degradación en reactores biológicos anaerobios.
Palabras clave
Biodegradabilidad Anaeróbica, Acoplamiento de tratamientos, Fotocatálisis heterogénea, Lixiviados, Dióxido de Titanio TiO2.
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