Composición y abundancia de especies de malezas en relación a variables fisicoquímicas del suelo en el cultivo de durazno Prunus persica L. var. Rubidoux
- Nicolas Forero-Pineda
, - Pablo-Antonio Serrano-Cely,
- Fabio-Emilio Forero-Ulloa,
- Pedro-José Almanza-Merchán,
- Germán-Eduardo Cely-Reyes
Resumen
Las malezas se consideran las principales limitaciones biológicas para la producción y la sostenibilidad de un sistema agrícola. Esto se debe a la capacidad de las malezas para modificar las condiciones fisicoquímicas del suelo (i.e., nutrientes, pH, materia orgánica). Es por esta razón que tener información sobre las características fisicoquímicas del suelo dentro del cultivo permite observar aspectos ecológicos y de distribución de especies de malezas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición y frecuencia de especies de malezas y su relación con variables fisicoquímicas del suelo en cultivo de durazno Prunus persica L var. Rubidoux. Para determinar la composición y frecuencia de las especies de malas hierbas en relación con las variables fisicoquímicas del suelo en el cultivo de durazno, se analizaron un total de 20 cuadrantes de 10×10 m dentro del cultivo de 2 ha de durazno. Las especies de malezas fueron identificadas taxonómicamente. Se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica del suelo en cada cuadrante. Se registraron un total de 13 especies de malezas, distribuidas en 10 familias y 8 órdenes, siendo la familia Asteraceae la más representativa. Adicionalmente, se encontraron variaciones fisicoquímicas en las muestras de suelo en el cultivo de durazno. Los datos del suelo se contrastaron con los patrones de distribución y frecuencia de las especies de malezas. Algunas especies de malezas no estaban relacionadas individualmente con las variables fisicoquímicas del suelo. Nuestros resultados apoyan los esfuerzos para continuar explorando cómo las variaciones de las condiciones fisicoquímicas del suelo dentro de un cultivo pueden modular los patrones de distribución de las especies de malezas.
Palabras clave
Diversidad, Flora de malezas, Fertilización, Muestreo
Referencias
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