Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 26 No. 46 (2017)

Papers

Microstructural evolution during austempering of a ASTM A-532 CLASS III type high chromium white cast iron undergoing abrasive wear

https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v26.n46.2017.7319

Published 2017-09-05

Oscar Fabián Higuera-Cobos
Universidad del Atlántico (Barranquilla-Atlántico, Colombia).

Jeison Bucurú-Vasco
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia).

Andrés Felipe Loaiza-Patiño
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia).

Mónica Johanna Monsalve-Arias
Universidad del Atlántico (Barranquilla-Atlántico, Colombia).

Dairo Hernán Mesa-Grajales
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia).

Abstract

This paper studies the influence of variables such as holding temperatures and times during austempering of High Chromium White Cast Iron (HCWCI), with the following chemical composition: Cr 25 %, C 3 %, Si 0.47 %, Mn 0.74 % and Mo 1.02 %. The aim of the austempering was to modify the percentage of retained austenite and its correlation to abrasive wear resistance under different conditions.Microhardness tests, SEM-EDS and XRD were performed to determine mechanical properties, chemical composition, and type of carbides and microstructures present, respectively. The tests complied with the ASTM G-65 standard. Results showed that the best performance against abrasion was achieved for austempering at 450 ºC with holding time of 6 hours.

Keywords

Austempered, Retained austenite, Abrasive wear, High chromium white cast iron, Chromium carbides

PDF XML

References

  1. M. Col, F. GülKoc, H. Öktem, and D. Kir, “The role of boron content in high alloy white cast iron (Ni-Hard 4) on microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance,” Wear, vol. 348-349, pp 158-165, Feb. 2016. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.12.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.12.007
  2. K. Kusumoto, K. Shimizu, X. yaer, Y. Zhang, Y. Ota, and J. Ito, “Abrasive wear characteristics of Fe-2C-5Cr-5Mo-5W-5Nb multicomponent white cast iron,” Wear, vol. 376-377, pp 22-29, Apr. 2017. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.096
  3. K. D. Tozetti, E. Albertin, and C. Scandian, “Abrasive size and load effects on the wear of a 19.9 % chromium and 2.9 % carbon cast iron,” Wear, vol. 376-377, pp 46-53, Apr. 2017. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.02.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.02.008
  4. V. Heino, M. Kallio, K. Valtonen, and V. T. Kuokkala, “The role of microstructure in high stress abrasion of white cast irons,” Wear, In press. Mayo 2017. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.04.029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.04.029
  5. American Society for Testing and Metals. Standard Specification for Abrasion Resistant Cast Irons: ASTM G-532,
  6. J. P. Holman, Transferencia de calor, 8 Ed. McGraw Hill, 1998.
  7. ASM Handbook, Vol. 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys, 1993.
  8. ASM Handbook, vol. 18, Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology, 1992.
  9. American Society for Testing and Metals. Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus: ASTM G-65.
  10. S. D. Carpenter, and D. Carpenter, “X-ray diffraction study of M7C3 carbide within a high chromium white iron,” Materials Letters, vol. 57 (28), pp. 4456-4459, Oct. 2003. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00342-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00342-2
  11. C. Fan, M. C. Chen, C.M. Chang, and W. Wu, “Microstructure change caused by (Cr, Fe)23C6 carbides in high chromium Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys,” Surf. Coat. Technology, vol. 201 (3-4), pp. 908-912, Oct. 2006. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.010
  12. Ö. N. Doğan, J. A. Hawk, and G. LairdII, “Solidification Structure and Abrasion Resistance of High Chromium White Irons,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A., vol. 28A, pp 1315-1328, Jun. 1997. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0267-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0267-3
  13. A. E. Karantzalis, A. Lekatou, and E. Diavat, “Effect of Destabilization. Heat Treatments on the Microstructure of High-Chromium Cast Iron: A Microscopy Examination Approach,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol 18 (8), pp 1078-1085, Nov. 2009. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9353-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9353-6
  14. S. K. Hann, and J. D.Gates, “A transformation toughening white cast iron,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 32 (5), pp. 1249-1259, Mar. 1997. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018544204267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018544204267
  15. D. Li, L. Liu, Y. Zhang, Ch. Ye, X. Ren, Y. Yang, and Q. Yang, “Phase diagram calculation of high chromium cast irons and influence of its chemical composition,” Materials and Design., vol. 30 (2), pp. 340-345, Feb. 2009. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.061. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.061
  16. A. Bedolla-Jacuide, L. Arias, and B. Hernández, “Kinetics of Secondary Carbides Precipitation in a High-Chromium White Iron,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform, vol. 12 (4), pp. 371-382, Aug. 2003. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1361/105994903770342881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/105994903770342881
  17. A. E. Karantzalis, A. Lekatou, and H. Mavros, “Microstructural Modifications of As-Cast High-Chromium White Iron by Heat Treatment,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 18 (2), pp. 174-181, Mar. 2009. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-008-9285-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-008-9285-6
  18. A. Akhbarizadeh, A. Shafyei, and M.A. Golozar, “Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel,” Materials and Design, vol. 30 (8), pp. 3259-3264, Sep. 2009. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.11.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.11.016
  19. Y. P. Wang, D. Y. Li, L. Parent, and H. Tian, “Performances of hybrid high-entropy high-Cr cast irons during sliding wear and air-jet solid-particle erosion,” Wear 301, pp. 390-397, 2013. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.045
  20. R. Blickensderfer, J.H. Tylczak. and G. Laird II, “Spalling of high chromium white cast in balls subjected to repetitive impact,” Wear of Metals, vol. 1, pp. 175-183, Jan. 1989.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)