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Vol. 41 No. 74 (2022)

Economic theory

The Political Economy of Trade Barriers in Peru

https://doi.org/10.19053/01203053.v41.n74.2022.13961

Published 2022-07-25

  • Mario Tello Pacheco

Mario Tello Pacheco
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru

Abstract

This paper analyzes the political economy factors and actors that may have influenced trade instruments in Peru during the liberalization period of 2001-2015 (which started in 1990 under Fujimori’s administration). The evidence supports the hypothesis that Peruvian trade barriers liberalization in period 2000-2015 was led by the powerful “Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF)”, accompanied by traditional and diversified exporters (that consolidated the unilateral trade liberalization) and by import substitution firms that influenced to some degree, and slowed down the rate of liberalization of unilateral trade barriers. In addition, the unilateral trade liberalization was facilitated by the weak role of the formal labor force and liberal-oriented consumer interest groups.

Keywords

tariffs, non-tariff barriers, political economy, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Peru

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Author Biography

Mario Tello Pacheco

Ph. D. in Economics and professor in the Department of Economics at the Pontificia Universidad Católica of Peru and in the Faculty of Economic Sciences at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima

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