Study of chronic renal disease in canine and geriatric felines

Authors

  • Luis Felipe González-Castillo Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
  • Rosa Angélica Sanmiguel-Plazas, M.Sc. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v15.n2.2018.8397

Keywords:

Chronic Kidney Desease – CKD, CKD diagnosis, geriatric cats, geriatric dogs

Abstract

This paper seeks to compile updated aspects related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) both in geriatric canines and cats. Worldwide this disease affects 0.5–1.5% of canines and 1–3% of cats, with mortality rates of 5% and 3%, respectively. The literature review provides updated information on different aspects of the pathology. CKD affects canines and cats mainly of advanced age and is characterized by renal hypofunction, which, over time, leads to persistent abnormalities, mostly irreversible (azotemia and inability to concentrate urine), generating in the patient a multisystem toxic syndrome that besides altering the efficiency of the kidneys, affects other systems in an integrated manner. Unlike human medicine, current tools for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control for CKD in canines and cats are limited due to their elevated costs and the difficulty acquiring specialized equipment; this situation prevents patients from receiving procedures that can benefit their quality of life.

JEL Classification

Array

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

(1) Bartges J., Polzin DJ. Chronic kidney disease in small animals. Veterinary Clinics Small Animal Practice. 2011; 41: 15-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.09.004.

(2) Brown SA. Management of chronic kidney disease. Manual of Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology. Gloucester, British Small Animal Veterinary Association. 2007; 223-230.

(3) McGrotty Y. Diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. In Practice. 2008; 30: 502-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.30.9.502.

(4) Polzin DJ. Chronic kidney disease. Nephrology and urology of small animals. Blackwell publishing. 2011; 433-471.

(5) Less GE. Early diagnosis of renal disease and renal failure. Veterinary Clinics North America Small Animal Practice. 2004; 34: 867-885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.03.004.

(6) Burkholder, W. Dietary considerations for dogs and cats with renal disease. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association. 2000; 216(11): 1730-1734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.1730.

(7) Polzin DJ. Chronic Kidney Disease. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 7th edition. Saunders-Elsevier. 2010; 1990-2020.

(8) Lulich J., Osborne CA., O'Brien TD., Polzin DJ. Feline renal failure: questions, answers, questions. The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 1992; 14: 127-52.

(9) Grauer G. Early Detection of Renal Damage and Disease in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Clincals North American Small Animal Practice. 2005; 35: 581-596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.12.013.

(10) Adams L. Chronic renal failure. The 5 Minutes Veterinary Consult. 3ª edición. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, Estados Unidos. 2004; 1124-1125.

(11) Ware W. A. Glomerulopatias. Medicina Interna de Pequenos Animais. 3 ed. Guanabara Koogan: Rio de Janeiro, 2006; 575-582.

(12) Valdés A. Actualización en el manejo de la insuficiencia renal crónica. En: VI Curso Internacional de Medicina y Cirugía en Pequeños Animales. Quintero, Chile. 2002; 125-133.

(13) Meyer H. The diagnosis and treatment of chronic renal failure in the dog and cat. En: 29th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress. 2004; 522-528.

(14) Ross J., Osborne C., Kirk C., Lowry S., Koehler L., Polzin D. Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic kidney disease in cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association. 2006; 229(6): 949-957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.229.6.949.

(15) Elliott D., Riel D., Rogers Q. Complications and outcomes associated with use of gastrostomy tubes for nutritional management of dogs with renal failure: 56 cases (1994–1999). Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association. 2000; 217(9): 1337-1342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.1337.

(16) Polzin D. Insuficiencia renal crônica. Tratado de medicina interna veterinária, 4 ed. São Paulo: Manole, 1997; 2394-2431.

(17) Polzin D., Osborne C. Pathophysiology of renal failure and uremia. Canine and feline nephrology and urology. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore. 1995; 335-367.

(18) Pressler B., Vaden SL. Managing renal amyloidosis in dogs and cats. Veterinary Medicine. 2003; 98(4): 320-333.

(19) Tryggvason K., Pettersson E. Causes and consequences of proteinuria: the kidney filtration barrier and progressive renal failure. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2003; 253: 216-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01207.x.

(20) Lefebvre HP., Toutain PL. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the therapy of renal diseases. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2004; 27: 265-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00614.x.

(21) Ots M., Pechter U., Tamm A. Characteristics of progressive renal disease. Clinica chimica acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 2000; 297: 29-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00231-X.

(22) Buranakarl C., Ankanaporn K., Thammacharoen S., Trisiriroj M., Maleeratmongkol T., Thongchai P., Panasjaroen S. Relationships Between Degree of Azotaemia and Blood Pressure, Urinary Protein:Creatinine Ratio and Fractional Excretion of Electrolytes in Dogs with Renal Azotaemia. Veterinary Research Communications. 2007; 31: 245-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3413-2.

(23) Castro MCN. Prolongando a vida do paciente com insuficiência renal crônica. Clínica Veterinária. 2005; 58: 50-58.

(24) Lazaretti P., Kogika M., Hagiwara M., Lustoza R., Mirandola R. Concentração sérica de paratormônio intacto em cães com insuficiência renal crônica. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 2006; 58(4): 489-494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352006000400006.

(25) Perwad F. Azam N., Zhang M., Yamashita T., Tenenhouse H., Portale A. Dietary and serum phosphorus regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 expression and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism in mice. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 5358-5364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0777.

(26) Akmal M., Kasim S., Soliman A., Massry S. Excess parathyroid hormone adversely affects lipid metabolism in chronic renal failure. Kidney International. 1990; 37: 854-858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1990.58.

(27) Sanches O. Histopatologia da série eritróideda medula óssea de cães com insuficiência renal crônica. 2005. Tese Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Julio de Mesquita Filho”. Botucatu.

(28) Macdougall IC. Role of uremic toxins in exarcerbating anemia in renal failure. Kidney international. 2001; 59 (78). 67-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.07821.x.

(29) Canziani MEF. Deficiência de ferro e anemia na doença renal crônica. Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia. 2006; 28(2): 86-90.

(30) Cortadellas O. Estadificación y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica. (ed.). Manual de nefrología y urología clínica canina y felina. Zaragoza, Grupo Asís Biomedia SL. 2010; 161-177.

(31) Lees GE. Early diagnosis of renal disease and renal failure. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice. 2004; 34: 867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.03.004.

(32) Antognoni M., Siepi D., Porciello F., Fruganti G. Use of serum cistatin C determination as a marker of renal function in the dog. Veterinary Research Communications. 2005; 29(2): 265-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-005-0058-5.

(33) Braun J., Perxachs A., Pe’Chereauf D., De La Farge F. Plasma Cystatin C in the dog: reference values and variations with renal failure. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2002; 11: 44-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s580-002-8081-2.

(34) Grauer GF. Canine glomerulonephritis: new thoughts on proteinuria e treatment. Journal of Small Animal Pratice. 2005; 46: 469-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00275.x.

(35) Borjesson LB. Renal Cytology. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice. 2003; 33: 119-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(02)00086-4.

(36) Agut A, Soler M. Radiología y ecografía del tracto urinario. En: Cortadellas, O (ed.). Manual de nefrología y urología clínica canina y felina. Zaragoza, Grupo Asís Biomedia SL. 2010; 79-93.

(37) Brown SA. Management of chronic kidney disease. En: Elliot, J, Grauer, F (eds.). BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology. Gloucester, British Small Animal Veterinary Association. 2007; 223-230.

(38) Di Bartola SP. Renal Disease: Clinical Approach and Laboratory Evaluation. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 6th ed. Saint Louis, Elsevier Saunders. 2005; 1716-1730.

(39) Altimira J., Cortadellas O., Vilafranca M. Biopsia renal. Manual de nefrología y urología clínica canina y felina. Zaragoza, Grupo Asís Biomedia SL. 2010; 79-93

(40) Roudebush P., Polzin D., Ross S., Towell T., Adams L., Forrester S. Therapies for feline chronic kidney disease. What is the evidence? Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2009; 11(3): 195-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.01.004.

(41) IRIS (2016). International Renal Interest Society. Novartis Animal Health Inc. http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/3_staging-of-ckd.pdf.

(42) Grauer GF. Proteinuria: Measurement and interpretation. Topics in companion animal medicine. 2011; 121-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2011.04.002.

(43) OMS. Organización mundial de la salud. http://www.who.int/topics/risk_factors/es/.

(44) Fernández-del Palacio MJ. Risk factors in dogs and cats for development of chronic kidney disease. IRIS -International Renal Interest Society-. Novartis Animal Health Inc. 2007.

(45) White J., Norris J., Baral R., Malik R. Naturally-occurring chronic renal disease in Australian cats: a prospective study of 184 cases. Australian Veterinary Journal. 2006; 84: 188-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12796.x.

(46) Vaden SL. Glomerular diseases. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 6ta ed. Elsevier Saunders, St Louis. 2005; 1787-1800.

(47) Polzin D., Osborne F., Jacob F., Ross S. Falla renal crónica. Tratado de Medicina Interna Veterinaria. 5ta ed. Intermédica. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2002; 1819-1849.

(48) Refsal K., Provencher-Bolliger A., Graham P., Nachreiner R. Update on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of calcium regulation. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal Practice. 2001; 31(5): 1043-1062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(01)50012-1.

(49) Veado J., Oliveira J., Menezes J., Guimaraes P. Uso de cetoanálogo na terapia da insuficiência renal canina. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 2002; 54(5): 543-545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352002000500015.

(50) Kadar E., Sykes J., Kass P., Bernsteen L., Gregory C., Kyles A. Evaluation of the prevalence of infections in cats after renal transplantation: 169 cases (1987–2003). Journal American Veterinary Medical Association. 2005; 227(6): 948-953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.948.

(51) Gregory C., Kyle A., Bernsteen L., Mehl M. Results of Clinical Renal Transplantation in 15 Dogs Using Triple Drug Immunosuppressive Therapy. Veterinary Surgery. 2006; 35: 105-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00121.x.

(52) Cowgill L., Francey T., Hemodialisys. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice. 3 ed. Saunders Elsevier: Philadelphia. 2005; 702.

Published

2018-07-06

How to Cite

González-Castillo, L. F., & Sanmiguel-Plazas, R. A. (2018). Study of chronic renal disease in canine and geriatric felines. Ciencia Y Agricultura, 15(2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v15.n2.2018.8397

Issue

Section

PAPERS

Metrics

Most read articles by the same author(s)