Efecto letal y repelente del monoterpeno geraniol sobre ninfas de Triatoma infestans susceptibles y resistentes a deltametrina
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Resumen
Triatoma infestans es el principal vector del parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas. La herramienta más eficaz para el control de T. infestans es el uso de insecticidas del tipo piretroide. Sin embargo, la presencia de ejemplares de T. infestans resistentes a los piretroides conlleva la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas para su control. Los bioinsecticidas se posicionan en la actualidad como una alternativa novedosa, menos agresiva para el ambiente y de menor costo con respecto al uso de los insecticidas sintéticos tradicionales. El geraniol es un monoterpeno que ha demostrado tener actividad insecticida y repelente en insectos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron determinar y comparar la actividad letal y repelente del geraniol solo y en combinación con el insecticida piretroide deltametrina y el repelente de insectos N,N-Dietil-meta-toluamida (DEET). Se demostró que el geraniol tiene una actividad letal similar en ninfas susceptibles y resistentes a piretroides (grado de resistencia de 0,8). Cuando se combinaron los dos insecticidas, el geraniol mostró un efecto sinérgico sobre la letalidad de la deltametrina. En cuanto a la actividad repelente, en bajas concentraciones, el geraniol fue menos potente que el DEET; sin embargo, cuando se combinaron ambas moléculas, la presencia de este monoterpeno aumentó la capacidad de repelencia del DEET al 100 %. Se concluye que el geraniol tiene actividad letal sobre ninfas de T. infestans susceptibles y resistentes a los piretroides, y tiene un efecto sinérgico sobre la letalidad de la deltametrina. Asimismo, el geraniol aumentó la capacidad de repelencia del DEET sobre T. infestans.
Palabras clave
Enfermedad de Chagas, Resistencia a los insecticidas, Piretroide, Bioinsecticidas, Potenciación
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