Mini-Revisión: Aplicación de líquidos iónicos en hidrólisis ácida de material lignocelulósico para la obtención de azúcares
Resumen
En las últimas décadas, la aplicación de líquidos iónicos (LI) como pretratamiento de la biomasa (BM) residual previo a la reacción de hidrólisis, ha demostrado ser un sistema eficiente para mejorar los rendimientos hacia la obtención de monosacáridos. Una mayor recuperación de monosacáridos, se traduce en un mayor rendimiento en la producción de biocombustibles pudiendo volver a esta industria rentable. En este contexto, la presente revisión bibliográfica analiza las características fisicoquímicas, métodos de síntesis, condiciones de disolución con aplicación de variables tales como: relación LI: BM, temperatura y tiempo. Además, se realiza un análisis comparativo de los resultados de procesos de hidrólisis ácida tradicional con respecto a los obtenidos con la aplicación de líquidos iónicos, aumentado en la mayoría de los casos sus rendimientos de reacción. Finalmente, se mencionan algunas técnicas de recuperación y reciclaje, que permitan reducir los costos del proceso, de manera que este sea económicamente rentable.
Palabras clave
biomasa, hidrólisis ácida, líquidos iónicos, material lignocelulósico
Referencias
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