Inmunoterapia en Melanoma: Rol de TIGIT y LAG-3 en el microambiente inmune antitumoral
Resumen
El melanoma, es un tumor maligno que surge de los melanocitos. Dada la capacidad de células del melanoma de inactivar linfocitos, la inmunoterapia en melanoma se ha enfocado en emplear inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario (CPI) para contrarrestar la evasión inmune. El gen de activación de linfocitos 3 (LAG-3) y el receptor inhibitorio con dominios Ig e ITIM (TIGIT) con su ligando específico Nectin-4, son CPIs emergentes que se expresan en células T. En melanoma se evidencia la sobreexpresión de estos receptores inmunitarios, por lo que diferentes ensayos clínicos han desarrollado moléculas inhibitorias que conducen al bloqueo conjunto de LAG-3 y TIGIT/Nectin-4. Dentro de estas moléculas inhibitorias se encuentran PD-1/PD-L1, cuyo uso además de conducir a la reducción de la proliferación y capacidad invasiva del tumor, restaura la actividad de las células T e incrementa la respuesta inmune antitumoral. Sin embargo, la influencia de LAG-3 y TIGIT/Nectin-4 en la actividad inmune antitumoral dentro del microambiente tumoral en melanoma aún no es clara. En esta revisión se describen el rol de los receptores LAG-3 y TIGIT en melanoma, el estado de la monoterapia y la terapia combinada dirigida a estos receptores inmunitarios, la influencia en la respuesta inmune antitumoral y las perspectivas de inmunoterapia dirigidas a LAG-3 y TIGIT/Nectin-4 en melanoma.
Palabras clave
Anticuerpos monoclonales, Terapia antitumoral combinada, punto de control inmunitario, LAG-3, TIGIT, células T
Biografía del autor/a
Geidi Catherinne Gaona Neira
Soy estudiante de Biología, actualmente estoy en decimo semestre. Algunas de las areas de interés son las ciencias biomédicas y la biotecnología. Actualmente, soy parte del grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC) de la Uptc en el cual estoy analizando STRs para fines de identificación humana en genetica forense en el departamento de Boyacá, además de entrenarme en el uso del software CytoVision para la identificaci´ón y organización de cromosomas humanos y en técnicas de citogenetica como Bandeo GTG y FISH. Además, soy una persona muy dedicada y responsable con gran facilidad de aprendizaje.
Shanon Daniela Salazar Prieto
Soy estudiante de Biología, actualmente curso decimo semestre, en algunas áreas de mi interés se destacan la genética y la biología molecular siendo estas un componente fuerte dentro de mis estudios universitarios. Hago parte del grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Uptc en el cual estoy incursionando en el cultivo celular de insectos y el manejo de equipos e instrumentos de laboratorio para el estudio líneas celulares. Es así que me he enfocado en comprender los procesos biológicos desde incógnitas que me surgen a partir de observaciones y vivencias en otros campos de mi vida como el deporte.
Sandra Milena Rondón Lagos
Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas y Oncología Humana, con amplia experiencia en estudios experimentales sobre cáncer y cultivos celulares. En estos años me he centrado en el estudio de factores pronósticos y predictivos en cáncer de mama, en la evaluación de la respuesta celular a tratamientos oncológicos y en la evaluación de la inestabilidad cromosómica como marcador diagnóstico y pronóstico en cáncer. Los resultados de estos estudios se han presentado en reuniones nacionales e internacionales y se han publicado en revistas internacionales revisadas por pares. Poseo habilidades y facilidades para el diseño, estandarización, ejecución y análisis de experimentos relacionados principalmente con las Ciencias Biomédicas. Soy persistente para lograr los resultados deseados, acepto desafíos, competencia, habilidades técnicas académicas y administrativas. Aprendo rápido y formulo ideas y conceptos. Capacidad en la producción de documentos escritos (propuestas de investigación, redacción de artículos científicos). Facilidad de aprendizaje, dinámica y proactiva.
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