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Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022)

Fruits section

Sunburn disorder in tropical and subtropical fruits. A review

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2022v16i3.15703

Published 2022-09-01

  • Gerhard Fischer
    • ,
  • Javier Orlando Orduz-Rodríguez
    • ,
  • Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante

Gerhard Fischer
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Bogota

Javier Orlando Orduz-Rodríguez
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Villavicencio, Meta

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages

Yellowing with reddish coloration on avocado fruit as a result of sunburn. Photo: G. Fischer

Abstract

The increase in solar radiation and temperature as a result of climate change and variability has increased sunburn damage to fruits, which highly affects quality and yield in tropical and subtropical fruit plants. Solar injuries increase because of conditions with low relative humidity, fruits left uncovered by foliage, and plantations at higher altitudes as a result of increased UV radiation. Three different types of sunburn on fruits are distinguished: photooxidative sunburn, sunburn browning, and necrosis on the epidermis. Fruits employ self-protection mechanisms against this stress through the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Fruit growers try to mitigate the impact of sunburning by planting species and varieties that are tolerant to this stress, pruning and training plants, leaving enough leaves above the fruit, efficient irrigation and intercropping for shading. More technical sunburn mitigation strategies include 1) improving the microclimate (shading nets, fruit bagging, evaporative cooling), 2) suppressors (kaolinite clay particle films, calcium carbonate) or 3) chemical protection (tocopherol, abscisic acid, ascorbic acid, anti-transpirants). This paper presents the state of research and its results for this abiotic stress in some tropical and subtropical fruit trees, such as avocado, banana, citrus, mango, pineapple and pitaya, along with observations for other fruit trees in tropical altitude zones. Continued research is recommended for this stress in different varieties with the use of environmentally friendly protective materials, along with studies on molecular mechanisms that direct the acclimatization of plants to a combination of these two types of stress, excessive radiation and temperature.

Keywords

Solar injury, Antioxidants, Shading nets, Kaolin, Pineapple, Citrus

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