Actividad insecticida y fitotóxica del aceite esencial de Eryngium foetidum L. colombiano
Resumen
Eryngium foetidum L. es una hierba bienal perteneciente a la familia Apiaceae, que se utiliza ampliamente como planta medicinal en la mayoría de las regiones tropicales. En este trabajo de investigación, se estudió la actividad del aceite esencial (AE) de E. foetidum contra Hyalomma lusitanicum, Koch, y su fitotoxicidad en la germinación de semillas de Lolium perenne y Lactuca sativa. El AE de E. foetidum se obtuvo mediante la técnica de hidrodestilación. Se utilizó cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC–MS) para identificar los metabolitos volátiles. Se encontraron quince compuestos en el AE de E. foetidum. Los principales compuestos fueron E-2-dodecenal (53,0%), trimetilbenzaldehído (duraldehído) (14,8%), ciclododecano (4,4%), trans-tetradec-enal (3,9%), decanal (3,6%), trans-2-dodecen-1-ol (3,0%) y D-limoneno (1,5%), respectivamente. El AE de E. foetidum, y dos de sus compuestos principales individuales (2-dodecenal, y duraldehído) tuvieron baja actividad fitotóxica cuando fueron comparados con el porcentaje de inhibición de la germinación del control (carvona), en semillas de L. perenne y L. sativa. En cuanto a la actividad acaricida contra Hyalomma lusitanicum, la CL50 (µg µL-1) se determinó mediante un análisis probit (P>0,05). El aceite esencial de E. foetidum mostró una mortalidad del 100% sobre H. lusitanicum a una concentración de 10 µg µL-1, y CL50 = 4.2 µg µL-1. Los resultados obtenidos del aceite esencial de E. foetidum muestran un gran potencial para desarrollar biocidas naturales para el control de H. lusitanicum debido a su composición química rica en aldehídos y derivados bencénicos, y sin efectos fitotóxicos adversos.
Palabras clave
Lactuca sativa, Lolium perenne, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Fitotoxicidad, Acaricidas
Citas
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